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Genomic dna preparation 예비레포트 결과레포트

"Genomic dna preparation 예비레포트 결과레포트"에 대한 내용입니다.
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최초등록일 2023.09.22 최종저작일 2022.09
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Genomic dna preparation 예비레포트 결과레포트
  • 미리보기

    소개

    "Genomic dna preparation 예비레포트 결과레포트"에 대한 내용입니다.

    목차

    1.실험 제목
    2.실험 날짜
    3.실험 목표
    4.실험 이론
    5.시약 및 기구
    6.실험방법
    7.예상결과
    8.참고사항
    9.참고문헌

    본문내용

    1. 실험 제목
    Genomic DNA Preparation

    2. 실험 날짜

    3. 실험 목표
    각자 채취한 혈액으로부터 DNA 추출 Kit를 사용하여 Genomic DNA를 추출한다.
    Spectrometer(Nano Drop)를 이용하여 추출된 DNA의 Optical Density를 측정하고 이로부 터 DNA의 농도를 계산한다.
    DNA의 종류와 DNA 추출 방법을 알아본다.
    흡광도 측정에 의한 DNA 농도 계산 및 순도측정의 원리를 알아본다.
    DNA는 용액 내 Chaotropic salt의 존재 하에서 silica 표면에 잘 결합한다.
    본 실험에서 사용되는 DNA Extraction Kit는 높은 silica 함량의 silica membrance와 buffer들을 사용하여 고상추출방법(solid phase extraction)으로 고순도의 Genomic DNA를 추출한다.
    Genomic DNA를 제외한 다른 물질들은 washing buffer에 의해 쉽게 제거되며, elution buffer에 의해 높은 수율로 Genomic DNA만 회수된다.

    4. 실험 이론
    4.1. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
    DNA는 자연계에 존재하는 2종류의 핵산 중 디옥시 리보오스를 함유한 것의 총칭을 말하며, 디옥시리보핵 산(Deoxyribonucleic Acid)의 약칭이다. DNA는 뉴클레오 타이드의 중합체인 2개의 긴 가닥이 서로 꼬여 있는 이중나선구조로 고분자 화합물이다.
    DNA의 기본 단위는 뉴클레오타이드이며, 뉴클레오타 이드는 염기, 당, 인산으로 구성된다. 염기 성분은 아데 닌(A), 구아닌(G), 사이토신(C), 티민(T) 4종이며, 미량의 메틸화염기 등이 포함되는 경우도 있다.

    참고자료

    · 이우주, 이우주 의학사전, 2012, 군자출판사
    · 미생물학백과, 한국미생물학회
    · 화학대사전
    · 안전보건공단(MSDS), https://msds.kosha.or.kr/MSDSInfo/kcic/msdsdetail.do
    · 위키피디아, Nucleic acid quantitation, 2022.09.09.,
    · https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_quantitation
    · 위키피디아, Solid-phase extraction, 2022.09.09.,
    · https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-phase_extraction
    · 위키피디아, DNA separation by silica adsorption, 2022.09.09.,
    · https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_separation_by_silica_adsorption
    · 위키피디아, 단백분해효소 K, 2022.09.09.,
    · https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EB%B0%B1%EB%B6%84%ED%95%B4%ED%9A%A 8%EC%86%8C_K
    · 위키피디아, Vortex mixer, 2022.09.09.,
    · https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortex_mixer
    · 위키피디아, Centrifugation, 2022.09.09.,
    · https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugation
    · 위키피디아, Incubator, 2022.09.09.,
    · https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incubator_(culture)
    · DNA binds to silica, Researchgate, 2022.09.09.,
    · https://www.researchgate.net/figure/DNAbinds-to-silica-in-the-presence-of-high-salt-concentration_fig17_279725996
    · silica-based methods, Biolabs, 2022.09.09.,
    · https://international.neb.com/applications/cloningand-synthetic-biology/nucleic-acid-purification/silica-based-methods
    · ethanol used in DNA-extraction, AAT bioquest, 2022.09.09.,
    · https://www.aatbio.com/resources/faq-frequently-asked-questions/Why-is-ethanol-used-inDNA-extraction
    · the basics how ethanol precipitation of DNA and RNA works, bitesizebio, 2022.09.09.,
    · https://bitesizebio.com/253/the-basics-how-ethanol-precipitation-of-dna-and-rna-works/
    · Assessment of Nucleic Acid Purity Brian Matlock, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Wilmington, MA, USA
  • AI와 토픽 톺아보기

    • 1. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
      DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the fundamental genetic material that carries the instructions for the development and functioning of all living organisms. It is a remarkable molecule that stores and transmits genetic information, enabling the inheritance of traits from one generation to the next. DNA is composed of two complementary strands that form a double helix structure, with each strand containing a sequence of four chemical building blocks called nucleotides. The unique sequence of these nucleotides encodes the genetic instructions that guide the growth, development, and reproduction of cells. DNA is essential for life, as it plays a crucial role in the storage, replication, and expression of genetic information, making it a central focus of study in the fields of biology, genetics, and biotechnology.
    • 2. DNA Extraction
      DNA extraction is the process of isolating and purifying DNA from biological samples, such as cells, tissues, or organisms. This process is fundamental in various fields, including molecular biology, genetics, forensics, and biotechnology. The goal of DNA extraction is to obtain a pure and concentrated sample of DNA that can be used for further analysis, such as sequencing, amplification, or genetic manipulation. The basic steps involved in DNA extraction typically include cell lysis, removal of proteins and other cellular components, and precipitation or purification of the DNA. Different techniques, such as organic solvent extraction, silica-based column purification, or magnetic bead-based methods, can be employed depending on the sample type and the intended downstream applications. Efficient and reliable DNA extraction is crucial for ensuring the quality and integrity of the genetic material, which is essential for accurate and reliable results in a wide range of scientific and diagnostic applications.
    • 3. Spectroscopy (Nano Drop)
      Spectroscopy, particularly the Nano Drop technique, is a powerful analytical tool used to measure the concentration and purity of DNA, RNA, and protein samples. The Nano Drop is a specialized spectrophotometer that requires only a small volume of sample (typically 1-2 μL) to determine the concentration and assess the purity of the nucleic acid or protein. The principle behind the Nano Drop is the measurement of the absorbance of the sample at specific wavelengths, which is directly proportional to the concentration of the target molecule. This technique is highly valuable in various fields, such as molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry, as it allows researchers to quickly and accurately quantify and assess the quality of their samples before proceeding with downstream applications, such as PCR, sequencing, or protein analysis. The Nano Drop's ability to provide rapid and precise measurements, while using minimal sample volumes, makes it an indispensable tool in modern scientific laboratories.
    • 4. Silica Membrane DNA Binding Principle
      The silica membrane DNA binding principle is a widely used technique in DNA extraction and purification. This method relies on the ability of DNA to selectively bind to silica-based materials, such as silica gel or silica membranes, under specific conditions. The binding of DNA to the silica surface is primarily driven by the interaction between the negatively charged phosphate groups in the DNA backbone and the positively charged silanol groups on the silica surface. Additionally, the presence of chaotropic salts, such as guanidinium hydrochloride or sodium iodide, helps to disrupt the hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions that hold the DNA in its native conformation, allowing it to bind more efficiently to the silica. Once the DNA is bound to the silica membrane, contaminants, such as proteins, salts, and other cellular components, can be washed away, leaving behind a purified DNA sample that can be eluted using a low-ionic-strength buffer or water. This silica membrane-based DNA extraction method is widely used in various applications, including molecular biology, forensics, and diagnostic testing, due to its simplicity, efficiency, and ability to produce high-quality DNA samples.
    • 5. Role of Absolute Ethanol
      Absolute ethanol, or 100% ethanol, plays a crucial role in the DNA extraction and purification process. Ethanol is commonly used as a precipitating agent to concentrate and recover DNA from aqueous solutions. The mechanism behind this is that ethanol reduces the solubility of DNA, causing it to precipitate out of the solution. This is achieved by the ethanol molecules disrupting the hydration shell around the DNA, effectively dehydrating the DNA and reducing its solubility. The addition of absolute ethanol, typically in combination with a salt, such as sodium acetate or ammonium acetate, facilitates the precipitation of DNA by further reducing its solubility. The precipitated DNA can then be collected by centrifugation or filtration, and the supernatant containing contaminants can be discarded. The use of absolute ethanol is a critical step in many DNA extraction protocols, as it allows for the efficient recovery and purification of DNA from complex biological samples, ensuring the integrity and purity of the extracted genetic material for downstream applications.
    • 6. Role of Proteinase K
      Proteinase K is an essential enzyme used in DNA extraction and purification protocols. Its primary role is to degrade and remove proteins from the sample, which is a crucial step in obtaining pure and high-quality DNA. Proteinase K is a serine protease that exhibits broad substrate specificity, effectively cleaving peptide bonds in a wide range of proteins, including enzymes, structural proteins, and DNA-binding proteins. During the DNA extraction process, Proteinase K is typically used in combination with lysis buffers containing detergents, such as SDS or Triton X-100, to disrupt cell membranes and release the cellular contents, including the DNA and proteins. The presence of Proteinase K in the lysis step helps to degrade and solubilize the proteins, preventing them from interfering with the subsequent DNA purification steps. By removing these protein contaminants, Proteinase K ensures that the extracted DNA is free from protein-based inhibitors, which could otherwise interfere with downstream applications, such as PCR, restriction enzyme digestion, or DNA sequencing. The use of Proteinase K is a crucial step in many DNA extraction protocols, as it helps to produce high-quality, pure DNA samples that are suitable for a wide range of molecular biology and biotechnology applications. Its ability to efficiently remove proteins without compromising the integrity of the DNA makes Proteinase K an indispensable tool in the field of DNA extraction and purification.
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