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정신 약물 기록(정형/비정형 항정신병 약물, 항조증 약물, 항불안제, 항우울제)

"정신 약물 기록(정형/비정형 항정신병 약물, 항조증 약물, 항불안제, 항우울제)"에 대한 내용입니다.
8 페이지
한컴오피스
최초등록일 2023.05.04 최종저작일 2022.10
정신간호학 정신 정신약물 약물
8P 미리보기
정신 약물 기록(정형/비정형 항정신병 약물, 항조증 약물, 항불안제, 항우울제)
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  • 미리보기

    소개

    "정신 약물 기록(정형/비정형 항정신병 약물, 항조증 약물, 항불안제, 항우울제)"에 대한 내용입니다.

    목차

    1. 작용기전 및 약물효과
    2. 부작용
    3. 간호중재

    본문내용

    작용기전 및 약물효과
    (1) 작용기전
    도파민과 세로토닌 수용체를 모두 차단하여 음성증상에 효과가 있다.
    (2) 약물효과
    - 정신분열병
    - 양극성장애 : 양극성장애 1형과 관련된 조증 및 혼재삽화의 치료, 올란자핀 투여로 조증삽화에 반응을 보인 환자들에 있어서 양극성 장애의 재발방지, 양극성장애 1형과 관련된 우울삽화의 급성 치료

    부작용
    과민반응, 체중증가, 식욕증가, 혈당수치 상승, 말초부종, 콜레스테롤 수치 상승, 당뇨
    - 졸음, 현기증, 알츠하이머 질환이 있는 환자에서 비정상적인 보행, 불면증, 우울증
    - 기립성 저혈압
    - 변비와 구갈을 포함한 경증이고 일시적인 항콜린성 효과, 소화불량, 구토, 타액분비 증가
    - 비염, 기침증가, 인두염, 호흡곤란
    - 발한, 발진
    - 부력증, 발열, 요통, 흉통, 치통 및 독감증후군, 피로

    간호중재
    - 약이 부서지기 쉬우므로 겉포장에서 꺼내어 블리스터 뒤쪽의 금속박막을 벗겨서 개봉한다.
    - 개봉시 금속박막을 통해 정제를 누르지 않는다.

    참고자료

    · 없음

  • AI와 토픽 톺아보기

    • 1. Antipsychotic drugs (Typical Antipsychotics)
      Typical antipsychotic drugs, also known as first-generation antipsychotics, are a class of medications primarily used to treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. These drugs work by blocking the action of dopamine, a neurotransmitter in the brain that is often imbalanced in individuals with psychotic disorders. While effective in reducing positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions, typical antipsychotics can also cause significant side effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) like Parkinsonism, akathisia, and tardive dyskinesia. These side effects can be particularly problematic and may lead to poor medication adherence. Additionally, typical antipsychotics have been associated with an increased risk of metabolic side effects, such as weight gain and changes in cholesterol and glucose levels. Despite these drawbacks, typical antipsychotics remain an important treatment option, especially for individuals who have not responded well to or tolerated atypical antipsychotics. Careful monitoring and management of side effects is crucial when prescribing these medications.
    • 2. Antipsychotic drugs (Atypical Antipsychotics)
      Atypical antipsychotics, also known as second-generation antipsychotics, are a newer class of medications that have become increasingly prevalent in the treatment of psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia. These drugs work by targeting a broader range of neurotransmitters, including serotonin and dopamine, which can lead to a more balanced neurochemical profile and potentially fewer extrapyramidal side effects compared to typical antipsychotics. Atypical antipsychotics have been shown to be effective in reducing both positive and negative symptoms of psychotic disorders, and they are generally better tolerated than their first-generation counterparts. However, they are not without their own set of potential side effects, which can include weight gain, metabolic changes, and an increased risk of cardiovascular problems. Additionally, some atypical antipsychotics have been associated with a higher risk of tardive dyskinesia, a potentially irreversible movement disorder. Despite these concerns, the improved tolerability and broader therapeutic profile of atypical antipsychotics have made them a preferred first-line treatment option for many clinicians. Careful patient monitoring and individualized treatment plans are essential to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks of these medications.
    • 3. Antimanic drugs
      Antimanic drugs, also known as mood stabilizers, are a class of medications primarily used to treat bipolar disorder, a condition characterized by episodes of mania and depression. These drugs work by stabilizing the mood, reducing the severity and frequency of manic episodes, and in some cases, also helping to alleviate depressive symptoms. The most commonly prescribed antimanic drugs include lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine. Each of these medications has its own unique mechanism of action, efficacy profile, and side effect considerations. Lithium, for example, is considered a first-line treatment for bipolar disorder due to its well-established efficacy, but it requires close monitoring due to its potential for serious side effects, such as thyroid and kidney dysfunction. Valproic acid and carbamazepine are also effective antimanic agents, but they may be associated with a higher risk of teratogenic effects, making them less suitable for use in women of childbearing age. Lamotrigine, on the other hand, has a more favorable side effect profile and is often used as a mood stabilizer, particularly for the depressive phase of bipolar disorder. The selection of an appropriate antimanic drug should be based on the individual patient's clinical presentation, comorbidities, and response to previous treatments, with close monitoring and adjustments as needed to optimize the balance between efficacy and tolerability.
    • 4. Antidepressant drugs
      Antidepressant drugs are a class of medications primarily used to treat depression, a mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest in daily activities. These drugs work by modulating the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, which are often imbalanced in individuals with depression. The most commonly prescribed antidepressants include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Each class of antidepressants has its own unique mechanism of action, efficacy profile, and side effect considerations. SSRIs, for example, are generally well-tolerated and have a favorable safety profile, making them a first-line treatment option for many patients. SNRIs, on the other hand, may be more effective for individuals with comorbid chronic pain or anxiety disorders. TCAs and MAOIs, while effective, are often associated with more severe side effects and require more careful monitoring. The selection of an appropriate antidepressant should be based on the individual patient's clinical presentation, comorbidities, and response to previous treatments, with close monitoring and adjustments as needed to optimize the balance between efficacy and tolerability.
    • 5. Antianxiety drugs
      Antianxiety drugs, also known as anxiolytics, are a class of medications primarily used to treat anxiety disorders, which are characterized by persistent feelings of worry, fear, and apprehension. These drugs work by modulating the activity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in the brain, which is often dysregulated in individuals with anxiety disorders. The most commonly prescribed antianxiety drugs include benzodiazepines, such as diazepam and alprazolam, as well as non-benzodiazepine medications, such as buspirone and pregabalin. Benzodiazepines are generally effective in providing rapid relief of anxiety symptoms, but they can also be highly addictive and may lead to the development of tolerance and dependence. Non-benzodiazepine medications, on the other hand, are often less addictive and may be better suited for long-term management of anxiety disorders. However, they may not be as effective in providing immediate symptom relief. The selection of an appropriate antianxiety drug should be based on the individual patient's clinical presentation, comorbidities, and response to previous treatments, with close monitoring and adjustments as needed to optimize the balance between efficacy and tolerability. Additionally, the use of antianxiety drugs should be accompanied by other evidence-based treatments, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, to address the underlying causes of the anxiety disorder.
    • 6. Anti-parkinsonic drugs
      Anti-parkinsonic drugs, also known as antiparkinsonian medications, are a class of medications primarily used to treat the motor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremors, rigidity, and impaired movement. These drugs work by modulating the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine and acetylcholine, which are often imbalanced in individuals with Parkinson's disease. The most commonly prescribed anti-parkinsonic drugs include levodopa, dopamine agonists (such as pramipexole and ropinirole), monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors (such as selegiline and rasagiline), and anticholinergic medications (such as trihexyphenidyl and benztropine). Each class of anti-parkinsonic drugs has its own unique mechanism of action, efficacy profile, and side effect considerations. Levodopa, for example, is considered the gold standard treatment for Parkinson's disease, as it is highly effective in improving motor symptoms, but it may also be associated with the development of motor complications over time. Dopamine agonists and MAO-B inhibitors, on the other hand, may be used as adjunctive therapies to help manage motor symptoms and delay the need for levodopa. The selection of an appropriate anti-parkinsonic drug should be based on the individual patient's clinical presentation, comorbidities, and response to previous treatments, with close monitoring and adjustments as needed to optimize the balance between efficacy and tolerability.

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