성격5요인과 직무스트레스, 직무만족, 이직의도 이론적배경 정리

목차

1. 성격의 5요인(Big Five)
1) 성격의 정의
2) 5요인 성격이론

2. 직무 스트레스
1) 직무스트레스의 정의
2) 직무스트레스의 발생 요인

3. 직무 만족

4. 이직 의도

5. 성격과 직무스트레스와의 관계

6. 직무스트레스와 직무 만족과의 관계

7. 성격과 이직의도와의 관계

본문내용

1. 성격의 5요인(Big Five)

1) 성격의 정의

성격이라는 용어에 대한 정의는 많지만 보편적으로 받아들여지고 있는 단일한 정의는 없다. Phares(1984)는 성격을 지속적이며 한 개인을 다른 사람과 구별해주는 특징적인 사고, 감정 및 행동양식이라고 하였고, Guilford(1959)는 한 개인이 가지고 있는 특성들의 독특한 양식이라고 하였다. 여러 학자들의 정의를 종합해보면, 성격이란 사람들에게서 지속적이고 일관되게 나타나는 행동에 의해 구성되는 안정적인 요인들, 또는 일정한 상황에서 다른 사람과는 명확하게 구분되는 행동 특성을 말한다. 이렇게 일관성 있고 안정된 개인차인 성격을 규명함으로써 우리는 개인을 설명할 수 있고, 미래의 행동을 예측할 수 있다.

2) 5요인 성격이론

연구자들은 그동안 성격을 기술하는 데 사용해야 하는 성격차원에 대해서 상당히 불일치하였다. 그러나 최근에는 영어 특성 형용사들을 사용한 평정으로부터 나온 성격의 다섯 차원(Goldberg, 1992; McCrae & Costa, 1999)에 초점을 둔 모형이 많은 연구자들 사이에서 지지받고 있다. 이후에 이루어진 여러 연구들은 5요인 모형의 확고함에 대한 광범위한 경험적인 증거들을 제공하였다(예, McCrae & Costa, 1997, 1999). 현재 연구자들 간에는 “성격 5요인(Big Five)”이라 부르는 성격 요인들로 구분된다고 합의되고 있다. 이 다섯 가지 요인의 명칭은 학자들에 따라 다소 차이가 있기는 하지만, 외향성(Extraversion), 원만성(Agreeableness), 성실성(Conscientiousness), 신경증(Neuroticism)/정서적 안정성, 경험에의 개방성(Openness to experience)으로 분류된다.

첫 번째 요인은 외향성(Extroversion)으로 다른 사람들과의 교제나 상호작용을 원하고 타인의 관심을 끌고자 하는 정도를 나타내며, 사회적 상황이나 대인관계에서의 기본 성향으로 사회적 적응성에 영향을 미친다. 이 척도가 높은 사람들은 적극적이고, 사교적이고, 활동적이며, 열성적이고 낙천적이다.

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