Ⅰ.서론
1. 연구의 필요성
현대사회의 새로운 질병양상 및 건강관리구조의 변화, 의료기술의 발전과 소비자의 권리의식 향상은 간호전문직에 대한 사회적 기대로 변화하여 건강서비스의 전문화와 간호의 질적향상을 요구하고 있다(Choo, 2001). 간호전문직은 이러한 시대의 요청에 발맞추어 능력 있는 임상간호전문가로서의 역할을 수행하기 위해 적극적이고 능동적인 준비를 서둘러야 할 시점에 있다(Kim, 2008). 특히 임상전문간호사들은 비용 효과적이면서도 질적으로 우수한 보건의료서비스를 제공하는 존재라는 사회적 인식을 얻었고(Burl, Bonner, Rao, & Khan, 1998), 근래 보건의료의 핵심이 보다 사업지향적인 모델로 빠르게 이동하면서 과거 어느 때보다 임상 간호사의 전문직업성이 필요한 환경을 만들어가고 있다. 이러한 시대적 배경이 빠르게 변화하는 현 상황에 맞춰 간호 전문직업성의 속성과 정의를 수정하고, 간호 전문직업성과 관련된 이슈를 다시 검증해야 할 필요성을 부각시킨다(Mechanic, 2000; Rayman, Ellison, & Holmes, 1999; Wynd, 2003).
오늘날 심각한 간호사 부족현상은 보건의료시스템의 위기를 초래하고 있다. 많은 경력간호사가 일터를 떠나고 있고, 젊은 사람들은 간호사를 미래의 직업으로 고려하지 않는다(Wynd, 2003). 간호사 부족현상은 세계적인 현상이며 한국의 경우도 예외가 아니다. 국내에서 면허증을 갖고도 취업을 하지 않는 간호사가 전체의 38%에 달하여(Lee, 2009) 간호사의 인력 부족이 현실화 되고 있으며 이는 간호전문직 발전에 저해요인이 되고 있다. 임상간호사의 전문직업성은 물리적ㆍ심리사회적ㆍ인적 업무환경에 의해 긍정적이든 부정적이든 영향을 받으며, 그 결과 간호사의 직무만족, 유지, 간호업무수행, 이직 등 다양한 간호성과변수와 관계가 있다(Boyt, Lusch, & Naylor, 2001; Hampton & Hampton, 2004; Kim, 2008; Ko & Chung, 2004). 따라서 환자의 임상결과 증진을 위해 고용주가 간호사의 전문직업성 육성을 촉진하는 것은 매우 중요하다(Wynd, 2003).
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