서양문화(봉건제도,십자군전쟁,)

소개

서양문화에서 봉건제도와 십자군전쟁에 대해서 자세히 조사하고 이것들에 특징과 배경 그리고 영향 등등을 깔끔하게 정리하고 조사하면서 느낌점을 작성했습니다.

목차

봉건제도··············································P.1
1.봉건제도란··························································································P.1
2,봉건제도의 특징···························································································P.1
1)주종관계(군사적 측면)
2)지방분권체제(정치적 측면)
3)장원제도(사회,경제적 측면)
3.봉건제도의 성립배경·····················································································P.2
-노르만족의 이동
4.봉건제도의 구조···························································································P.2
5.봉건제도의 몰락이유·····················································································P.2~3
1)권력의 변화
2)상업 경제의 발달
3)장원제의 붕괴
십자군전쟁············································P.3
1.십자군 전쟁이란··························································································P.3
2.십자군 전쟁의 성립 연표··············································································P.3
3.십자군 전쟁의 성립배경················································································P.4~5
1)종교적 측면
가.투르크의 성지순례 박해
나.성지탈환
2)대외적 측면
가.교황의 세력과시
나.서유럽의 팽창주의
4.중요 십자군 원정························································································P.5
5.십자군 전쟁의 결과·····················································································P.6
6.십자군 전쟁의 영향·····················································································P.6
느낀점··················································P.6
출처·····················································P.6

본문내용

1.봉건제도란
-봉주와 봉신간의 주종서약이라는 신분관계와 거기 대응하는 봉토의 수수라는 물권관계와 불가분의 결합체제를 말합니다 봉건제도는 서유럽을 중심으로 발전하였는데 봉건제도는 대략 8~9세기의 카롤링왕조의 프랑크 왕국에서 성립했으며 10세기~13세기가 그 전성기 였습니다

2.봉건제도의 특징
1)주종관계(군사적 측면)
-주군과 가신의 관계라고 할수 있는데 주군은 신하를 보호,부양하는 의무를 가지며 가신은 주군에 충성하고 봉사하는 의무를 가짐으로서 그 대가로 봉토를 하사받습니다 주군에게 하사받은 봉토는 농노들이 밭을 갈고 노동을 함으로서 자신들의 신분의 안전을 보장받습니다(쌍무적 계약관계)

2)지방분권체제(정치적 측면)
-가신들은 봉토에 대해 주군의 간섭을 배제하는 불입궈을 인정받음으로서 자신의 영역 내에서의 독자적인 통치권을 행사 할수 있었습니다

3)장원제도(사회,경제적 측면)
-봉토의 소유자인 가신과 그 토지를 경작하는 농노는 예속 관계를 맺고 있었으며 장원제는 가신인 영주의 대토지 소유 형태이자 이를 기반으로 하여 영주가 농촌 사회를 지배하는 통치 시스템으로서 주종관계를 경제적으로 뒷받침 해주었습니다
3.봉건제도의 성립배경
-노르만족의 이동
인구증가,토지부족등의 이유로 노르만족이 9~10세기 해안선을 따라 남쪽으로 이동하며 물건을 약탈하고 서유럽사회를 혼란스럽게 만듭니다 노르만족은 유럽각지에 새로운 왕국을 건설하게 됩니다(EX-노르망디공국,시칠리아왕국)노르만족이 이동하여 새로운 왕국을 새우자 프랑크 왕국의 분열이 촉진되고 자유민들은 유력자들의 보호가 필요하게 되었고 보호를 위해 자유민들은 영주라 불리는 자들에게 예속되어 상호의존관계가 형성되었습니다

참고자료

· 네이버 지식인
· 구글 지식검색
· 네이트 시멘틱
· 십자군 그것은 신의 뜻이었다(W.B.바틀릿 지음)