팀의 양면적 활동이 창의적 성과에 미치는 영향 - 탐색, 활용의 균형과 조합을 중심으로 - (The Effect of Ambidextrous Activity through Combination and Balance on Creative Performance)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국경영학회
· 수록지 정보 : 경영학연구 / 44권 / 2호 / 515 ~ 542페이지
· 저자명 : 권정언, 우형록

초록

본 연구는 탐색(exploration)과 활용(exploitation)의 양면적 활동(ambidextrous activity)이 팀의 창의적 성과에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 기업 경쟁우위의 원천으로서 조직의 양면성과 창의력에 대한 연구는 최근까지도 주목을 받으며 다각도로 수행되고 있다. 그러나 서로의 독자적인 영역에서 조직의 성과와 경쟁우위에 직결되는 주요한 요인으로 각각 실증되어 온 연구성과에도 불구하고, 조직의 양면적 활동과 창의력의 관계를 밝히려는 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 팀의 동태적 긴장과 균형을 추구해야 하는 양면적 활동을 창의력 발현과정에 접목시킴으로써, 조직의 창의적 성과에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 하였다.
연구가설을 검증하기 위한 분석자료는 국내 엔터테인먼트 산업의 대표적인 기업을 대상으로 147개의 팀 수준 자료를 수집하였다. 우선 팀의 양면성을 잠재적 일치모형(latent congruence model)을 통해 조합(combination)과 균형(balance)이라는 구성개념으로 재정의하여 선행연구의 다양한 주장들을 통합하여 반영하였다. 또한 조직의 창의력에 영향을 미치는 창의적 업무환경요인으로 알려진 상사의 격려, 자율성, 시간압박을 분석에 포함하여, 팀의 양면성과 창의적 성과의 영향관계에 대한 업무환경요인의 조절효과를 확인하였다.
분석 결과, 팀의 창의적 성과에 양면성 균형이 미치는 영향은 유의미하지 않았으나, 양면성 조합은 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 업무환경요인의 조절효과는 상사의 격려는 유의미하지 않았지만, 자율성과 시간압박의 유의미한 조절효과는 확인되었다. 자율성이 증가할수록 양면성 조합의 창의적 성과에 대한 영향력이 더 커지는 반면, 양면성 균형의 창의적 성과에 대한 영향력은 감소하는 조절효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 시간압박이 증가할수록 양면성 조합이 창의적 성과에 미치는 영향을 감소시키는 완충적인 조절효과가 확인되었다.

영어초록

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of ambidexterity on organizational creativity. The view that ambidexterity and creativity play the crucial role in 21st century organizations is not new. The rapid technological development and substantial environmental turbulence have given rise to the continuous concerns over these. Many researchers have suggested that organizational ambidexterity that is defined as the competence to simultaneously pursue exploitative and explorative activity should be the most important drivers for the competitive advantage. Also, the more proportion of economic value is attributed to the creative capacity in business, the more attention to organizational creativity has intensified. However, relevant studies on the relationship between ambidexterity and creativity are scarce until the present. This study attempts to identify the ambidexterity as the mechanisms for achieving the organizational creativity because the ambidextrous activities between exploration and exploitation could be expected to give positive effects to novelty and usefulness of outputs.
Also this study examined the effects of environmental factors between ambidexterity and creativity. Because the workers should be influenced by their work environment, much studies regarding organizational creativity have focused on identifying which work environment stimulates or inhibits creativity. Nowadays these factors known as the creative environment can be measured by the various tools like KEYS, CCQ, TCI, etc. We proposed three hypotheses through comprehensive reviews that supervisory encouragement, autonomy and time pressure from among these creative environments would have moderating influences on the association between ambidexterity and creativity. Although most researches on creativity have focused on the individual level of analysis, our analysis including these factors of group level would contribute to confirm the direct effects of group or organization in the development of creative performance.
In order to test our research model, a survey study was conducted in entertainment industry that produce cultural contents like movie, drama and game. The final data were aggregated into 147 teams representing 3 firms. Before testing our research models, this study adopted latent congruence modeling (LCM) to measure the ambidexterity. LCM is known as the more robust operationalization from both theoretical and statistical standpoint because of incorporating measurement error and covariance among survey items under exploration and exploitation in research model. Thus we could newly define ambidexterity separately as ‘combination’ and ‘balance’. LCM using structural equation model creates these two second-order factors. Combination represents the average of exploration and exploitation, whereas balance represents similarity in the extent of exploration and exploitation. These concepts of ambidexterity reflect a wide range of operational definitions that the previous studies have suggested.
We investigated how the sampled teams generate creative performance and took into account the impacts of ambidextrous activities as well as creative climates. First, our finding supported partly the significant relationship between ambidexterity and creative performance. Balance of ambidexterity was not significantly related to creative performance but there was a positive influence of combination of ambidexterity on creative performance. In addition, this study investigated three creative climates as moderators, which are supervisory encouragement, autonomy and time pressure based on the interactional approach. The moderating effects of supervisory encouragement on the relationship between ambidexterity and creative performance were not significant. The relationship between combination of ambidexterity and creative performance was even stronger under high autonomy. But autonomy reversed the effect of balance of ambidexterity on the creative performance. Time pressure decreased the effect of the ambidextrous combination on the creative performance. Finally, we discussed implications of this study and offered suggestions for future research.

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