다기능프로젝트팀의 다양성, 조직맥락, 팀 개발 기간이 팀 효과성에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Team Diversity, Organizational Context, and Team Development on the Effectiveness of Cross-Functional Project Teams)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국경영학회
· 수록지 정보 : 경영학연구 / 38권 / 5호 / 1273 ~ 1305페이지
· 저자명 : 박종혁, 권석균

초록

오늘날 기업들은 해결해야할 문제 유형, 과업 특성, 상황 맥락에 따라 다양한 유형의 팀을 구성한다. 이는 통상적인 과업팀만이 아닌 다양한 팀 유형별 성과 창출 기제에 대한 연구 필요성을 증대시킨다. 본 연구는 다양한 기능영역 간의 연계성을 확보하고, 창의적 사고와 혁신을 유인하기 위해 운영되는 다기능프로젝트팀(Cross-Functional Project Team)의효과성 창출 기제에 대하여 연구하였다. 효과성 영향 요인에 대해 기존 소집단 유효성 연구는 팀 프로세스가 중요함을, 조직맥락 연구에서는 팀 구조설계 및 긍정적인 조직맥락 조성을 강조하고 있는 바에 기초하여 다기능프로젝트팀만의 차별적 특성을 반영한 요인을 도출하고 영향력을 검증하였다. 연구결과, 팀 프로세스 요인으로 파악한 팀 개발 성숙기간은 성과 및 학습에 부의 영향을 미친다는 결과가 도출됨으로써 조속한 시일 내에 성숙한 팀 개발 단계로 진화하는 것이 다기능프로젝트팀의 효과성 창출에 중요함을 밝혔다. 구조설계 요인으로 파악한 다양성은 과업관련다양성이 팀 개발 성숙기간, 성과 및 학습에 정의 영향력을 가진다는 점을 밝혔다. 그러나 사회범주다양성은 유의하지 않은 결과들 도출하였다. 바람직한 조직맥락 조성 요인으로 파악한 팀 권한 독립성, 평가․보상 연계성, 자율적 통제는 팀 개발 성숙기간 및 효과성과직․간접적 영향력을 가진다는 결과를 도출하였다. 이러한 연구결과에 대한 이론적․경영관리적 시사점 및 향후 연구방향에 대해 논의하였다.

영어초록

Organizations increasingly use cross-functional project teams to develop new products, to solve the problems across functional areas, to invent innovative ideas, and so on. The foremost advantage of using cross-functional teams is that the relevant experiences, knowledge and expertise are brought together into the task. Moreover, team decisions and actions are more likely to encompass the full range of perspectives and issues that might be critical to team effectiveness. Utilizing cross-functional project teams is an attractive organizing option, particularly in solving complex and innovative problems that require diverse sources of information, knowledge, and expertise brought by individuals from different functional backgrounds. We know yet little about how such teams form, perform and excel. Group dynamics surrounding and inside the teams are to be examined to better understand what makes these teams effective.
Studies on group dynamics of teams have mostly focused on within-group processes, such as communication, collaboration and integration among the members joined from various functional areas. Some emerging literature suggests that the processes that make teams perform and excel are richer and more complex than traditionally expected.
In order to capture the processes leading to the excellence of cross-functional project teams, we adopted the team development time as a critical variable which mediates the effects of various antecedents on team effectiveness. The team development time is defined as the amount of time cross-functional project teams spend to become mature in terms of interactions and other group processes. Team diversity and organizational context characteristics are adopted as antecedent factors that lead to team effectiveness.
Hypotheses are proposed concerning how the length of team development time affects team effectiveness defined as team performance and team member learning. The effects of team diversity are hypothesized as those of job-related diversity and social category diversity separately on team development time as well as team effectiveness. Also hypothesized are the effects of such contextual factors as authority independence, the evaluation and reward for team performance, and autonomous control on team effectiveness.
Data from 89 cross-functional project teams consisting of 511 individual respondents are analyzed through structural equation modeling for hypotheses testing. We found strong evidence that the teams of short team development time are more likely to achieve high levels of team performance and team member learning. Results also show that job-related diversity is positively related to the length of the team development time and both of the team effectiveness variables as well. Authority independence is related positively to team performance and negatively on the length of team development time. The linkage of reward and evaluation to team performance contributes significantly to shortening the team development time, but not significantly to any of team effectiveness variables directly. The degree of autonomous control is related positively to both team performance and learning, and negatively on the length of the team development time.
Our study highlights the importance of the team development time to achieve exceptional team performance and learning in organizing cross-functional project teams. Further, our results indicate that such structural factors as diversity and contextual factors of organizations exert significant influence on the effective functioning of cross-functional project teams. Future research needs to find more factors that might influence the team development time as well as team effectiveness.

참고자료

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