(탈)가족화 정책의 굴절: 교차성 관점에서 본 성별화와 계층화 (Refractions of (De)Familialization Policy: Genderization and Stratification from an Intersectionality Perspective)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 비판과 대안을 위한 사회복지학회/ 건강정책학회
· 수록지 정보 : 비판사회정책 / 79호 / 7 ~ 47페이지
· 저자명 : 황은정

초록

본 연구의 목적은 (탈)가족화 정책이 가지는 성별화·계층화라는 정책 굴절 현상을 교 차성 관점에서 파악하고 재구조화 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 복지국가 재편 과정에서 확 대된 (탈)가족화 정책은 사회적 맥락화 과정을 거치며 특정 계층의 (탈)가족화를 가로막 는 ‘정책 굴절(policy refraction)’로 이어졌다. 여성은 돌봄과 노동이라는 이중의 굴레에 매여 있고, 남성은 가족화로부터 배제되어 돌봄 당사자성을 획득하지 못하고 있다. 일부 계층을 중심으로 미완의 혁명을 완수해 나가려는 움직임이 포착되나, 이는 다시 사회경 제적 배경에 따른 혁명의 이중화를 낳고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 정책 굴절 현상을 규명하 기 위해 OECD 23개국의 (탈)가족화 정책 효과를 위계적 일반화 선형모형(HGLM)을 통 해 실증적으로 분석하였다. 세부적으로 첫째, 국가별 (탈)가족화 정책의 수준과 특성을 기술적으로 검토하였다. 둘째, (탈)가족화 정책의 효과가 ‘성별, 계층, 성별×계층’ 등의 조절요인에 따라 상이하게 나타나는 정책 굴절 현상을 규명하였다. 주요 분석 결과는 다 음과 같다. 첫째, 탈가족화 정책의 효과를 살펴본 결과, ‘계층화’라는 굴절 현상이 규명되 었다. 저소득층인 경우 중산층 이상에 비해 탈가족화 정책 효과가 감소하는 것으로 나타 났다. 둘째, 가족화 정책의 효과를 살펴본 결과, 저소득층 여성에게 가족화 가능성이 극 명히 높게 나타나 ‘교차적 불평등’의 발현이 검증되었다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 교차적 불평등을 완화하기 위한 (탈)가족화 정책의 유기적 재구조화 방향을 제시하였고, 특히 저소득층의 탈가족화와 남성의 가족화를 지원하기 위한 제도적 방안들을 모색하였다.

영어초록

The purpose of this study is to identify the refractions (i.e., genderization and stratification) of (de)familialization policies from an intersectionality perspective.
The expanded (de)familialization policy in the process of welfare state restructuring led to “policy refractions” that prevented (de)familialization of certain classes through social contextualization. Women are bound by the double burden of caring and paid work, and men are excluded from familialization and do not acquire a caring parties' stance. The movement of some classes to complete an incomplete revolution is captured, but this again leads to a dualization of the revolution according to socioeconomic background. To identify the policy refractions, the composite index of “(de)familialization policies” of 23 OECD countries was examined, and the effects of the policies on the implementation of (de)familialization were investigated. To focus on the actual behavior of family members, “(de)familialization” at the individual-level was used as a dependent variable. First, level and characteristics of (de)familialization policies in each country were descriptively reviewed. Second, the policy refractions in which the effect of the (de)familialization policy differs according to the moderators such as “gender, class, and gender×class” was identified. Considering the multi-layered structures of the data, the hierarchical generalized linear model through the HLM 8.2 program was adopted as an analysis method. The main analysis results are as follows. First, examination of whether the effect of the defamilialization policy is refracted by “gender and class” revealed “stratification.” In the case of the low-income class, it was highly likely that the effect of defamilialization policy would decrease compared to the upper-income classes. In addition, the defamilialization policy was found to promote the degenderization by promoting women's entry into the labor market. Second, examination of whether the effect of familialization policy is refracted by the interaction terms of “gender, class and gender×class,” showed that each moderating variable had an effect. Familialization policies were more likely to promote homecare for women than for men and for the low-income class than for the upper-class. Moreover, this tendency was most evident in “low-income women,” and the expression of intersectional inequality according to the familialization policy was verified. Based on the results of this study, the policy implications are as follows. Firstly, the implementation of “Active Care Policies” is necessary to provide support for men in breaking free from the paid work. Also, it is necessary to refer to companies as active caring agents and support a culture that encourages reduced working hours. Secondly, it is necessary to rationalize the supporting system of childcare service cost to relieve the burden of the low-income class. Thirdly, cash benefits such as home-care allowances need to be gradually reduced, as they cause policy refraction. Lastly, based on the perspective of simultaneous pursuit of distribution and recognition, the (de)familialization policy should operate organically within a single framework.

참고자료

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