고령층의 스마트 기기 활용능력에 따른 핀테크 이용에 관한 연구 (The Effect of Smart Device Utilization Skills on the Elderly's Fintech Usage)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국정보사회학회
· 수록지 정보 : 정보사회와 미디어 / 24권 / 1호 / 183 ~ 219페이지
· 저자명 : 고채은, 류종상, 김예빈, 백현미

초록

금융과 기술을 결합한 핀테크는 경제활동의 편리성 증대라는 이점과 코로나19로 가속화된 디지털 전환에 힘입어 일상의 금융생활에 빠르게 통합되었다. 그러나 주 이용자는 여전히 젊은 층에 국한되어 있으며, 고령층 고객의 핀테크 이용은 상대적으로 낮아 디지털 소외에 이은 금융 소외가 우려되는 시점이다. 이에 본 연구는 2021년 KISDI 한국미디어패널조사 데이터를 기반으로 65세 이상 고령층의 핀테크 이용에 영향을 미치는 요인을 실증적으로 알아보았다. 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 기본, 검색, 보안 차원의 스마트 기기 활용능력 모두 모바일 간편 송금과 결제 서비스 이용에 각각 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 특히 보안 차원의 스마트 기기 활용능력의 영향력이 상대적으로 높았다. 또한 프라이버시 우려가 높을수록 검색과 보안 측면의 스마트 기기 활용능력이 모바일 간편 송금 서비스 이용에 미치는 영향은 작아졌다. 본 연구는 고령화와 금융의 디지털화라는 2가지 사회적 변화가 급속하게 진행되는 환경에서 디지털 리터러시 연구를 핀테크 맥락으로 확장하고 고령층의 핀테크 이용 촉진 방안을 정책적, 사업적 관점에서 제시했다는 의의를 지닌다.

영어초록

The fintech (financial technology) industry has grown rapidly in recent years by applying advanced IT technology to financial services, enabling convenient payment, asset management, banking services, etc. through smart devices. However, the adoption of these services shows a wide generational gap with the low usage rate of the elderly, leading to a provoked digital divide phenomenon between generations. In this context, this study aims to investigate whether the smart device utilization skills of the elderly affect their use of mobile transfer and payment services and whether privacy concerns moderate these effects.
The analysis is based on the data from the 2021 Korea Media Panel Survey conducted annually by the Korea Information Society Development Institute. It was collected from June to July in 2021, targeting a total of 10,154 individuals nationwide. The study focused on elderly individuals who are 65 years of age or older, use smart devices and engage in online activities. Out of 2,352 elderly participants in the survey, a total of 1,418 were selected for analysis.
Mobile transfer and payment services have become increasingly popular in Korea due to their convenience and simplicity. KakaoPay, provided by platform companies, and Sol-pay, provided by financial institutions, are examples of mobile transfer and payment services that are widely used in Korea. Specifically, mobile transfer services refer to services that support money transfers and other transactions through mobile devices without additional authentication or identification procedures. Mobile payment services refer to services that allow users to make a payment simply by entering passwords or holding a mobile device near the payment terminal.
Smart device utilization skills refer to the abilities to use a smart device (smartphone, tablet PC, etc.) without the help of others. In this study, 'basic utilization skill’ refers to the ability to view or send texts and instant messages on a smart device. 'Search utilization skill’ asks about the ability to access and search for information on a smart device, such as setting up a wireless network or visiting websites. ‘Security utilization skill’ was measured with the ability to detect and treat malicious code, report or block spam and phishing messages, and other similar abilities. To measure privacy concerns as moderator, related questions were used to ask about the experience of concerns about privacy violations in online activities. Moreover, residential area, gender, income, presence of digital assistants, and educational level were also analyzed as control variables.
As Table 1 and 2 shows, it was found that all three independent variables of basic, search, and security utilization skills had a significant positive effect on the use of mobile transfer and payment services. In particular, the impact of security utilization skill was relatively high. The presence of digital assistants, one of the control variables, measured by the co-residence with children, had a significant impact on increasing the use of mobile transfer services but not on payment services. As for the moderator variable, it was found that the impact of search and security utilization skills on the use of mobile transfer service is moderated by privacy concerns.
This study provides an understanding of the factors that influence the use of fintech services of the elderly in circumstances where two social changes - aging and digitization of the financial industry - are rapidly taking place. Findings of this study suggest that efforts to improve the basic, search, and security skills to use smart devices are necessary to promote the use of fintech services of elderly customers. Specifically, improving security utilization skill such as personal information protection, malware inspection, spam and phishing reporting/blocking is considered important. Fintech platforms can provide user support or guidelines specialized for the elderly along with improving accessibility of UX/UI of their services. In the case of mobile transfer services, even if the search or security utilization skills are high, privacy concerns can hinder the use of fintech services, so it is recommended to develop strategies to reduce customers' privacy concerns, such as campaigns to enhance the safety and trust of the service.

참고자료

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