러시아 정교와 개신교의 만남과 충돌(1909-1912)- 최관흘과 장로교파의 극동지역 선교활동과 러시아 측의 대응을 중심으로 - (An encounter and collision of the Russian Orthodox Church and the Protestantism(1909-1912) : in focus of missionary work of Kwanheul Choi and the Presbyterian Church in the Far East and the countermea)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 러시아연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 슬라브硏究 / 24권 / 1호 / 97 ~ 136페이지
· 저자명 : 이병조

초록

본 논문은 1909-1912년 시기 최관흘과 장로교파의 극동지역 선교활동과 이에 맞선 러시아 정교회 및 극동지역 세속 당국(극동 지방정부, 연해주 당국)의 대응, 그리고 정교회 측의 한인선교 발전을 위한 노력과 한계들에 대해서 다루고 있다. 이를 통해 필자는 정교회의 약 50년의 극동지역 한인선교 사업의 실상을 규명해 보았다. 1865년 극동지역에서 러시아 정교회의 한인선교가 수행되기 시작한 이래로 빈약한 선교조직과 체계, 부족한 재정, 인력부족 등의 문제들은 끊임없이 제기되어 오고 있었다. 공교롭게도 장로교파에 대응하는 과정에서 정교회 측은 내부적인 취약성을 완전히 노출시키고 말았고, 비록 늦은 감이 있지만 장로교파에 대한 대응을 계기로 1914년부터는 중앙정부에 대한 재정적인 지원요청과 인력, 조직의 보강 및 개편을 통해서 한인선교의 현장에서 불고 있는 부흥의 흐름을 타려고 했다. 그러나 이러한 바램은 1905년 10월선언 이후 국가와 교회 간의 느슨한 관계 속에서, 그리고 이어지는 제1차세계대전과 1917년 혁명의 폭풍 속에서 사라져가고 말았다. 결국 러시아 정교회 지도부와 이를 총체적으로 지휘해야 했던 세속 당국은 50여 년의 극동지역 한인선교의 근본적인 문제와 한계를 극복하지 못한 채 한인선교를 수행해 온 것이라 볼 수 있다.

영어초록

This study is focused on the problems of missionary work of the Presbyterian Church because it is possible to understand the facts of over 50 years missionary works of the Orthodox Church to Korean through the oppositional process of the Russian Orthodox Church to the missionary work of the Presbyterian Church in the era which was missionary Kwanheul Choi worked in a central roll of missionary works in Vladivostok between 1909 and 1912.
This study researched the missionary works of the Presbyterian Church which was missionary Kwanheul Choi worked in a central roll of missionary works between 1909 and 1912 in the Far East, the oppositions of the Russian Orthodox Church and the regional government authorities which included the Far Eastern government and the Littoral Province of Siberia in the Far East, and the efforts of missionary works of the Orthodox Church to Korean as well as its limitations.
The missionary works of the Presbyterian Church had progressed explosively for a full three years and it brought serious aftereffects into the enemy territory. The Orthodox Church had an oppositional attitude with relying on the governmental authority to the Presbyterian Church without finding any suitable counterproposal to the infiltration of the imported religious denomination. It meant that the foothold of missionary works of the Orthodox Church, which had historical tradition almost one thousand years and missionary works to foreign races for over fifty years in the Far East, was not strong.
In 1910s, the Orthodox Church seemed to achieve success of missionary works to Korean thanks to the political and social changes, which were the Japanese imperialism and the advent of Korean priests and teachers of catechism from parish school graduate, but the guidance division of the Orthodox Church exposed the real facts and loophole in the missionary works to Korean during the oppositional process to the Presbyterian Church.
However, weak structure and system of the missionary works and insufficiency of finance and manpower were core points, but they had constantly been brought up from the beginning in the missionary works to Korean. It seemed to give an impression too late, the guidance division of the Orthodox Church tried to revive the missionary works to Korean through asking financial support to the central government, and reinforcing and reorganizing of manpower and organization from 1914 year.
But the desire had disappeared in loosen relationship between government and the church throughout Oktyabrsky Manifest in 1905, World War I and Russian Revolution in 1917. Namely, Russian despotism had been closed by Oktyabrsky Manifest, therefore, the strong relationship between Russian despotism and the church was not existed any more. Also, the guidance division of the Orthodox Church became separated from immense support of government, and government could not came to push forward people to be members of the Orthodox Church.
It means that the guidance division of the Orthodox Church and government which should totally control them had performed the missionary works to Korean without overcoming the basic problems and limitations of them over fifty years in the Far East.

참고자료

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