중일전쟁기 조선춘추회 결성과 언론 동원 (Japanese Imperialism's Organization of Chosun Chunchuhoi and Mobilization of the Press during the Chinese-Japanese War)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국민족운동사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국민족운동사연구 / 107호 / 127 ~ 187페이지
· 저자명 : 정혜인

초록

1937년 7월 중일전쟁이 발발하면서 일본과 식민지 조선은 일제의 침략전쟁 수행을 위해 전시총동원체제로 전환되었다. 이 논문에서는 1938년 2월 결성된 조선춘추회(朝鮮春秋會)를 통해 전시총동원체제를 뒷받침하기 위해 식민지 조선 내 언론이 통제되고 동원되는 방식을 밝히고자 하였다.
우선 조선춘추회의 결성과정, 조직, 활동을 밝혔다. 조선춘추회는 결성부터 조선총독부가 개입되었다. 조직구성은 전 조선 각 도(道)의 일간지들을 연합한 형태였다. 경성을 제외한 각 지방지들은 재조일본인에 의한, 재조일본인을 대상으로 한 신문들로 그들의 이익을 반영하였으나 조선춘추회로 결속된 뒤에는 조선총독부와 조선군 보도반(보도부)의 전시행정 지시를 충실히 수행하는 모습을 보였다. 경성의 주요 일간지 또한 마찬가지였으며 동아일보, 조선일보도 예외는 아니었다. 이와 함께 조선춘추회가 전쟁 동원 선전 활동을 펼치면서 전시총동원체제 하 통제경제 정책에 부합하여 신문지 감면 활동을 펼친 것을 밝혔다.
조선춘추회는 1939년 대규모 동원집회인 배영국민대회(排英國民大會)를 개최하고, 이어 배영동지회(排英同志會)를 결성하였는데 이는 국제무대에서 일본과 충돌하고 있던 영국을 배격하는 활동이었다. 1940년에는 적성국가격양국민대회를 개최하였다. 이 시기 일본의 적국(敵國)은 영국에서 서구 열강으로 확대되었으며, 적성국가격양국민대회는 이러한 서구 열강에 대한 규탄대회였다. 적성국가격양국민대회는 일본이 중일전쟁에서 아시아태평양전쟁으로 나아갈 것을 보여주는 사건이었다. 배영국민대회는 조선춘추회의 자발적 움직임처럼 보였으나 사실 배후에는 조선군 보도부가 움직이고 있었던 것이며, 일본 내 영국과의 개전을 주장하는 세력에 힘을 실어주기 위한 행동이었다. 적성국가격양국민대회 역시 마찬가지의 목적으로 개최되었다. 이후 1942년 조선춘추회는 조선신문회로 명칭을 변경하고 조직을 정비하였다.
조선춘추회의 결성과정, 조직, 활동을 분석한 바, 조선춘추회는 중일전쟁 이후 식민지 조선 내 언론이 전시총동원체제하 물자통제책 뿐 아니라 전쟁 동원을 위해 전쟁논리 설파와 전쟁선전 동원을 충실히 수행한 기구였음을 확인할 수 있었다.

영어초록

As the Chinese-Japanese War broke out in July, 1937, both Japan and its colony Chosun entered into full-blown General Mobilization System in Wartime. In its colony Chosun, Japanese Imperialism emphasized the integration of Japan and Chosun to Chosun people and implemented the policy of recreating the imperial subjects ensure smooth mobilization for the war. In 1938, Total National Mobilization Act was promulgated. In colonized Chosun, the press was under a dual control system between the Public Bureau of Japanese Government-General of Chosun and the Communications Department of Japanese Forces in Korea. In addition Japanese Imperialism organized Chosun Chunchuhoi for mobilization of war and war propagan.
In February, 1938, an associated organization called Chosun Chunchuhoi(朝鮮春秋會) was set up which was comprised of 26 daily newspapers around Chosun. It was an outcome of inducement from the Japanese Government-General of Chosun. Its goal was to promote smooth cooperation from the press under the General Mobilization System in Wartime, under which the press cooperated by using propaganda for wartime mobilization and elucidating the logic of war. Chosun Chunchuhoi developed an activity of reducing newspaper in accordance with the controlled economy policy under the General Mobilization System in Wartime and engaged in propaganda activities to support the system. It raised and delivered condolence money for wounded soldiers in the Chinese-Japanese War and participated in the construction of a memorial to fallen soldiers.
During the period of Chinese-Japanese War, the press in Chosun was loyal to its propaganda and mobilization duties to mobilize Chosun people in war. In particular, a National mass convention for denouncement of the UK(排英國民大會) was held with the formation of Association for denouncement of the UK(排英同志會) around Chosun Chunchuhoi. Association for denouncement of the UK was literally a national convention to reject U.K. As the Chinese-Japanese War was prolonged, Japan kept an eye on the U.K. based on its judgment that it was behind the prolongation. Once it had frictions with the U.K. at foreign concession of China, it embarked on a large-scale movement to reject the U.K. It seemed a voluntary move of Chosun Chunchuhoi on the surface, but the Communications Department of Japanese Forces in Korea was behind it. It was to support the force wanting to expand war to include the U.K in Japan. In 1940, a National mass convention for denouncement Enemy country(敵性國家擊攘國民大會) was held, during which Japan's scope of enemy countries expanded from the U.K. to Western powers. This convention was a rally to criticize Western powers and event to show Japan's intention to march into the Asia-Pacific War. After in 1942, Chosun Chunchuhoi changed its name to Chosun Newspapers Association(朝鮮新聞會) and overhauled its organization. Even though its overhaul was to control the overall aspects of the newspaper industry in Chosun including the guidance for its maintenance, registration and cultivation of newspaper reporters, and procurement and distribution of newspaper materials, its actual activities were similar to those of Chosun Chunchuhoi. That is, its main activities were collaborating with the General Mobilization System in Wartime and using propaganda along with the reduction of newspaper.

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