도시화와 농촌 정기시장의 변용-충남의 ‘광천장(廣川場)’을 중심으로- (Modernization and Change of Local Market Place-Centered with Kwangchun Market-)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국농촌사회학회
· 수록지 정보 : 농촌사회 / 19권 / 1호 / 241 ~ 271페이지
· 저자명 : 유보경

초록

이 연구는 오랫동안 충남지역의 중심적 정기시장으로서 번성을 누렸던 ‘광천장(鑛川場)’을 사례로 하여 도시화에 따른 농촌 정기시장의 변화와 이에 영향을 미친 요인들을 경험적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 역사적으로 광천장은 서해안 내포지역의 경제중심지로 많은 물류가 집산ㆍ배분되던 곳으로, 포구(浦口)와 철로(鐵路)가 교차하는 교통의 요충지였기 때문에 충남지역의 중심적 시장으로서 일제강점기부터 1970년대까지 번성기를 누릴 수 있었다. 그러나 국토 전체적으로 도시화가 진행되면서 광천장은 변화를 겪는다. 우선, 1970년대 이후 광천장의 관문이었던 옹암포가 쇠퇴하면서 장세가 감소한다. 그러나 광천장은 오랫동안 번성했던 읍장(邑場)이었던 데다가 인근 지역의 개발이 지연됨으로써 1980년대 중ㆍ후반까지도 일정한 기능을 유지한다. 그러나 1990년대에 본격화된 지방자치제에 따라 촉발된 지방 도시의 개발은 광천과 인접지역과의 관계를 본격적으로 변화시키게 된다. 즉, 광천이 개발의 지평에서 벗어난 반면 이 지역과 인접해 있는 ‘홍성읍’과 ‘보령시’의 개발은 광천장을 더욱 침체시키는 요인이 되었다.
광천장은 쇠락의 쳇바퀴에 오래 머물지 않고 1990년대 중반이후 ‘토굴새우젓’ 장으로 변용된다. 이러한 변화는 새우젓과 관련된 지역전통, 자치단체의 정책과 주민들의 노력, 나아가 서해안고속도로의 개통 등 여러 요인들이 복합적으로 맞물려 나타난 결과이다. 이제 광천장은 정기시장이 아니라 주말과 휴가철, 김장철 중심의 특산물 시장으로 변용되고 있다.

영어초록

Taking cases of 'Kwangchun market place' that has enjoyed prosperity as a central market in Chungnam area for a long time, this research has intended to inquire into factors that weighed change on market place after modernization. A lot of logistics were collected and distributed to and from Kwangchun, the center place of inlet area of west coast, and what made Kwangchun take this role was the very conditions of its location where land route and maritime transportation crossed.
As an important place that transportation of land and water cross, Kwangchun market place that has enjoyed the standing of the central market in Chungnam area for a long period, became to lose its advantages of its place because of developing of land transportation as a new wave of modernization reached, though it enjoyed prosperity from the period of Japanese imperialism's occupation by force until 1960s and 1970s. Nevertheless Kwangchun market place appear to have undergone relatively moderate changes. That's because Kwangchun market place was a major town that flourished for a long time, and as neighboring areas were delayed with their developing it maintained its function of market place in the certain level until mid and late of 1980s. But local developing and expansion of transportation line, which were stirred by local autonomous system that became in full-scale in 1980s, made the relationship of Kwangchun and neighboring areas changed in regular style, and whereas Kwangchun area escaped from the range of developing, the developing of neighboring 'Hongseong town' and 'Boryung city' became to be the factor that made Kwangchun market place stagnated in more visible way.
However, Kwangchun did not stay in the frame of deterioration but overcame stagnation in certain degree by reorganizing its commercial power with the area's traditional product 'cave pickled shrimp' from mid-1990 until recently. This change is the outcome resulted from engaging of several complicated factors such as pickled shrimp's long tradition, the existence of storing caves that can be called local treasury warehouse, self-governing bodies' policies and resident's efforts, further opening of West-coast Highway. Now, Kwangchun market place is changing not as five-day interval village market but as the market place centered with weekends, holiday season and the season for preparing Kimchi for the winter.

참고자료

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