고구려의 평양 천도에 대한 신라의 양단책 (Goguryeo's Relocation of the Capital and Silla's Equidistance Diplomacy)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 수선사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 사림 / 40호 / 111 ~ 135페이지
· 저자명 : 김병곤

초록

In the academic circles, A.D. 433, when Goguryeo(高句麗) relocated its capital to Pyeongyang(平壤), is believed as the starting point of the bilateral alliance of Silla(新羅) and Baekje(百濟). I also agree with the theory that Silla adopted pro-Baekje policy when Baekje asked her to establish friendly relations. But I assume that this change does not necessarily mean that Silla immediately conduct an anti-Goguryeo policy. It was very hard for Silla to completely revolt against Goguryeo since she had been in an amicable relations with Goguryeo for a long time and Goguryeo's new capital had gotten closer to Silla. And Silla did not entirely trust Baekje who had been her long-time enemy. Gogurye also did not want Silla to establish a new relation with Baekje. So Goguryeo tried to keep Silla under its influence by notifying her with the capital relocation plan and its purpose. Silla maintained her traditional relations with Goguryeo, and at the same time, she built a new relation with Baekje. In this way, she adopted equidistance diplomacy.
However, Goguryeo started to have more suspicion over Silla, and in the middle of 5th century, it adopted both moderated and hard-line policies of Silla. On this, King Nulji(訥祗王), who experienced the death of King Silseong(實聖王), had a sense of crisis due to the fact that Goguryeo changed its policies and he decided to remove Goguryeo's force which was stationed in Silla territory. Moreover, he dispatched his army to rescue Baekje when Goguryeo attacked Baekje in A. D. 455, and by doing so, he expressed his strong will to maintain the amicable relation with Baekje. Therefore, it is believed in the academic circles that the amicable relation between Silla and Baekje actually began to work at this point of time.
But Baekje was also aware of Silla’s equidistance diplomacy, and Silla's military aid of A.D. 455 were not enough for it to completely trust Silla. Three years later, King Jabi(慈悲王) ascended the throne following the passing of king Nulji and it gave Baekje a need to re-assure Silla's anti-Goguryeo policy. And Baekje instigated Waegook(倭國), which was expanding its influence in the southern part of Korean Peninsula at the time, to invade Silla three times. After then, Silla and Baekje individually reacted to Goguryeo, and at the same time, they also held each other in check.
In this way, despite Silla showed Baekje that she completely adopted an anti-Goguryeo policy, the amicable relation between Silla and Baekje did not work well due to the fact that Silla kept equidistance diplomacy and thus Baekje had suspicion over Silla. Baekje, who could not trust Silla, needed to diversify its diplomatic relations and it asked a military aid to Northern Wee in A.D. 469. This provided a reason to Goguryeo to invade Baekje and it attacked the capital of Baekje, Hanseong(漢城), with an enormous power in A.D. 475. Since the fall of Hanseong, both Silla and Baekje were put in an urgent situation so that they could not help but realizing a real alliance with each other.

영어초록

In the academic circles, A.D. 433, when Goguryeo(高句麗) relocated its capital to Pyeongyang(平壤), is believed as the starting point of the bilateral alliance of Silla(新羅) and Baekje(百濟). I also agree with the theory that Silla adopted pro-Baekje policy when Baekje asked her to establish friendly relations. But I assume that this change does not necessarily mean that Silla immediately conduct an anti-Goguryeo policy. It was very hard for Silla to completely revolt against Goguryeo since she had been in an amicable relations with Goguryeo for a long time and Goguryeo's new capital had gotten closer to Silla. And Silla did not entirely trust Baekje who had been her long-time enemy. Gogurye also did not want Silla to establish a new relation with Baekje. So Goguryeo tried to keep Silla under its influence by notifying her with the capital relocation plan and its purpose. Silla maintained her traditional relations with Goguryeo, and at the same time, she built a new relation with Baekje. In this way, she adopted equidistance diplomacy.
However, Goguryeo started to have more suspicion over Silla, and in the middle of 5th century, it adopted both moderated and hard-line policies of Silla. On this, King Nulji(訥祗王), who experienced the death of King Silseong(實聖王), had a sense of crisis due to the fact that Goguryeo changed its policies and he decided to remove Goguryeo's force which was stationed in Silla territory. Moreover, he dispatched his army to rescue Baekje when Goguryeo attacked Baekje in A. D. 455, and by doing so, he expressed his strong will to maintain the amicable relation with Baekje. Therefore, it is believed in the academic circles that the amicable relation between Silla and Baekje actually began to work at this point of time.
But Baekje was also aware of Silla’s equidistance diplomacy, and Silla's military aid of A.D. 455 were not enough for it to completely trust Silla. Three years later, King Jabi(慈悲王) ascended the throne following the passing of king Nulji and it gave Baekje a need to re-assure Silla's anti-Goguryeo policy. And Baekje instigated Waegook(倭國), which was expanding its influence in the southern part of Korean Peninsula at the time, to invade Silla three times. After then, Silla and Baekje individually reacted to Goguryeo, and at the same time, they also held each other in check.
In this way, despite Silla showed Baekje that she completely adopted an anti-Goguryeo policy, the amicable relation between Silla and Baekje did not work well due to the fact that Silla kept equidistance diplomacy and thus Baekje had suspicion over Silla. Baekje, who could not trust Silla, needed to diversify its diplomatic relations and it asked a military aid to Northern Wee in A.D. 469. This provided a reason to Goguryeo to invade Baekje and it attacked the capital of Baekje, Hanseong(漢城), with an enormous power in A.D. 475. Since the fall of Hanseong, both Silla and Baekje were put in an urgent situation so that they could not help but realizing a real alliance with each other.

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