히틀러의 이동식 살해특공대 아인자쯔그루펜(Einsatzgruppen)과 유대인 홀로코스트 (The Significance of the Einsatzgruppen in the History of the Holocaust)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 전남대학교 5.18연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 민주주의와 인권 / 16권 / 2호 / 513 ~ 547페이지
· 저자명 : 심흥수

초록

이 논문은 나치 정권에 의해 자행된 홀로코스트(The Holocaust) 과정에서 작동했던 아인자쯔그루펜(Einsatzgruppen; 이동식 살해 특공대)의 기원, 구조, 운영, 그리고 성공 요인을 홀로코스트의 역사적 관점에서 분석하여 두 가지 주장을 하였다. 첫째, 이동식 살해 특공대가 히틀러를 지도자로 하는 나치체제의 의도성의 산물이다. 둘째, 홀로코스트와 관련하여 절멸수용소가 홀로코스트의 중심임에 틀림없지만 이동식 살해 특공대의 존재가 홀로코스트 기원에서 더욱 심각한 문제라는 점이다. 즉 이동식 살해 특공대는 홀로코스트의 시발점이고, 히틀러의 의도 실현을 위한 실험의 장이었으며, 그것으로부터 결국 절멸수용소가 자라나온 것이다. 달리 말한다면 이동식 살해 특공대와 그것의 성과가 없이는 절멸수용소도 없었을 것이다. 절멸수용소는 단지 이동식 살해 특공대의 기능적인 진화의 결과였다.

영어초록

The Holocaust is in many respects unique. One outstanding uniqueness of the Holocaust derives from the invention of the einsatzgruppen( ). This invention was the beginning point from which the holocaust was made possible and the means through which Hitler's intention to clear out Jews from his Reich was carried out. The mobile killing units produced licensed killing monsters who committed crimes against civilization and humanity. In order to understand the true nature of the Holocaust, it is important to study how the mobile killing units came about, how it was operated, and why it was relatively successful. This essay then places the mobile killing units in the context of the Holocaust's Development.
This essay argues that it was the creation and centralization of special power that stood above laws and customs, which eventually led to the emergence of the mobile killing units. The units were not only the expression of Hitler's will but also the embodiment of anti-semitism rampant at the time in Germany. Führer-bindung, roughly translated as the population's general attachments to the leader made the Germans succumb to temptation that at any cost the Reich in the form of the volk needs to be accomplished. A total war concept also contributed to the rise of strategies for “anti-partisan or anti-Bolshevik” movements. In these contexts, the mobile killing units started the Holocaust and the wehrmacht(armed forces) and the bureaucracy went willingly along.
This essay also argues that it was the success of the mobile killing units which made the Holocaust possible. The creation of the mobile killing units, not the killing centers was a necessary and sufficient condition for the occurrence of the Holocaust. That is to say that without a success of the mobile killing units, the Holocaust could never have happened. The killing centers grew out of the operations of the mobile killing units. An unfortunate evolution caused pain and misery to the Jews in Europe.

참고자료

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