야콥 카츠의 엠블럼집을 통해서 바라본 17세기 네덜란드의 시민문화 (The Emblem books of Jacob Cats and the Dutch Burgerlijkheid in the Golden Era)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국서양사연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 서양사연구 / 45호 / 175 ~ 228페이지
· 저자명 : 조준희

초록

Jacob Cats(1577~1662) is often represented as the 'emblematic' figure of his age. Indeed, his numerous emblem books were so popular during the Dutch Golden Age that he was called the "poet of the people." Accordingly, "Vader Cats" has been invoked as the embodiment of Dutch Culture in the 17th century, a culture that was as novel and in need of making as the newfound Dutch Republic. This thesis seeks to analyse the emblem books of Jacob Cats in order to understand what it reveals about the Dutch burgerlijkheid of the Golden Era.
In Early Modern Europe, emblems were a major vehicle of cultural transmission. The emblem, composed of a title, picture and an explanatory text, was used by Humanists not only to spread the knowledge of classical imaginary but also to create new meanings by ingeniously combining the three components. In late 16th century Netherlands, the advance of printing and the rise of a upper urban class(grote burgerij) gave impetus for translating and spreading emblems in Dutch. Soon a new form of emblems combining humanistic wit and secular emotions appeared.
The emblem books of Jacob Cats appropriated these emblems and changed the nature and purpose of them. In writing such emblems, Cats emphasized the text over the picture, the real world over classical mythology, and Christian and civic morals over Humanistic and aristocratic virtues. The morals and virtues presented by the emblem books of Jacob Cats responded to the socio-cultural demands of 17th century Dutch society.
The Dutch Reformed Church sought to realize the "Dutch Israel" by initiating a major reform of all aspects of society under a movement called the Further Reformation(Nadere Reformatie). Jacob Cats sought to propagate these Christian morals and values through his emblem books. Also, Dutch society in the Golden Age underwent unprecedented economic growth and urbanization which brought about the rise of the middle classes(brede burgerij) and nuclear families. The emblem books of Jacob Cats provided new morals and values for this new society by appropriating Humanistic morals, confirming traditional middle class values, and presenting new codes of conduct. So the emblem books of Jacob Cats were printed in outstanding numbers and become wide-spread among the middle classes, contributed in the molding of the Dutch burgerlijkheid.
However, the silence that the emblem books of Jacob Cats maintains on other urgent matters confronting Dutch society, such as the morals of economic activities, the advance of women into the public sector, and the presence of large lower middle and under classes, also reveal the other nature of the Dutch burgerlijkheid in the Golden Era.

영어초록

Jacob Cats(1577~1662) is often represented as the 'emblematic' figure of his age. Indeed, his numerous emblem books were so popular during the Dutch Golden Age that he was called the "poet of the people." Accordingly, "Vader Cats" has been invoked as the embodiment of Dutch Culture in the 17th century, a culture that was as novel and in need of making as the newfound Dutch Republic. This thesis seeks to analyse the emblem books of Jacob Cats in order to understand what it reveals about the Dutch burgerlijkheid of the Golden Era.
In Early Modern Europe, emblems were a major vehicle of cultural transmission. The emblem, composed of a title, picture and an explanatory text, was used by Humanists not only to spread the knowledge of classical imaginary but also to create new meanings by ingeniously combining the three components. In late 16th century Netherlands, the advance of printing and the rise of a upper urban class(grote burgerij) gave impetus for translating and spreading emblems in Dutch. Soon a new form of emblems combining humanistic wit and secular emotions appeared.
The emblem books of Jacob Cats appropriated these emblems and changed the nature and purpose of them. In writing such emblems, Cats emphasized the text over the picture, the real world over classical mythology, and Christian and civic morals over Humanistic and aristocratic virtues. The morals and virtues presented by the emblem books of Jacob Cats responded to the socio-cultural demands of 17th century Dutch society.
The Dutch Reformed Church sought to realize the "Dutch Israel" by initiating a major reform of all aspects of society under a movement called the Further Reformation(Nadere Reformatie). Jacob Cats sought to propagate these Christian morals and values through his emblem books. Also, Dutch society in the Golden Age underwent unprecedented economic growth and urbanization which brought about the rise of the middle classes(brede burgerij) and nuclear families. The emblem books of Jacob Cats provided new morals and values for this new society by appropriating Humanistic morals, confirming traditional middle class values, and presenting new codes of conduct. So the emblem books of Jacob Cats were printed in outstanding numbers and become wide-spread among the middle classes, contributed in the molding of the Dutch burgerlijkheid.
However, the silence that the emblem books of Jacob Cats maintains on other urgent matters confronting Dutch society, such as the morals of economic activities, the advance of women into the public sector, and the presence of large lower middle and under classes, also reveal the other nature of the Dutch burgerlijkheid in the Golden Era.

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