초등학생의 음악줄넘기 프로그램 참여가 BMI에 따른 체격, 체조성 및 체력에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of elementary school students’ participation in jump rope program with music on Physique, Body composition and Physical fitness by BMI)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 부산교육대학교 미래교육원
· 수록지 정보 : 초등교육연구 / 37권 / 2호 / 177 ~ 197페이지
· 저자명 : 유효금, 김종원

초록

본 연구는 12주간의 음악줄넘기 프로그램 방과 후 수업이 초등학생의 체격, 체조성, 체력에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 초등학생 37명을 대상으로 정상체중군(n=11), 과체중군(n=13), 저체중군(n=13)으로 구분하여 실시하였다. 음악줄넘기 운동은 주 2회, 1회 운동 지속시간 50분, 1~4주는 40~50%HRR(RPE 11~12), 5~8주는 50~60%HRR(RPE 13~14), 9~12주는 60~70%HRR(RPE 14~15)의 강도로 실시하여, 측정된 자료는 정상체중군과 과체중군 및 저체중군 집단의 시기 간 상호작용 검증은 two-way repeated measure ANOVA, 그룹 내 차이는 paired t-test를 실시하였다. 그룹간 차이는 one-way ANOVA, 사후검증은 scheffe를 사용하여 비교 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다.
체격요인 중 가슴둘레, 허벅지둘레에서 시기×그룹 간 상호작용 효과가 나타났고 그룹 내 정상체중군(허리둘레 제외), 과체중군 및 저체중군 모두 신장, 체중, 가슴둘레, 허벅지둘레, 종아리둘레에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 체조성요인 중 내장지방레벨과 인바디점수에서 시기×그룹 간 상호작용 효과가 나타났고, 그룹 내 정상체중군(골격근량, 내장지방레벨, 인바디점수, 기초대사량, BMI), 과제중군(체지방량, 내장지방레벨, BMI, 체지방률) 및 저체중군(골격근량, 체지방량, 인바디점수, 기초대사량, BMI)에서 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 건강체력요인 중 왕복오래달리기에서 시기×그룹 간 상호작용 효과가 나타났고, 그룹 내 정상체중군, 과체중군 및 저체중군에서 윗몸말아올리기, 악력, 제자리멀리뛰기, 왕복오래달리기에서 유의하게 증가하였다.
이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 12주간의 음악줄넘기 프로그램은 체격, 체조성 및 체력 변화에 정상체중군, 과체중군 및 저체중군 모두에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있다. 특히 과체중군과 저체중군에서도 긍정적인 효과가 나타난 점은 음악줄넘기가 성장기의 초등학생에게 적합한 운동이라 생각된다.

영어초록

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a jump rope program with music for 12 weeks on physique, body composition and physical strength by dividing the 37 elementary school students into normal weight group, overweight group, and underweight group. The jump rope program with music was conducted twice a week, for 50 minutes per session with the intensity of 40~50% HRR(RPE 11~12) for 1~4weeks, 50~60% HRR(RPE 13~14) for 5~8weeks, and 60~70% HRR(RPE 14~15) for 9~12weeks. Two-way repeated measure ANOVA was used to verify the time-period interaction among the normal weight group, the overweight group, and the underweight group, and a paired t-test was performed for the differences in the group. The results of comparative analysis using one-way ANOVA for group differences and scheffe for post-test are as follows.
1. Changes of Physique.
Among the physique factors, chest circumference and thigh circumference showed an interaction effect between time × groups, and height, weight, chest circumference, thigh circumference, and calf circumference in normal weight group(excluding waist circumference), overweight group, and underweight group in the group significantly increased. In the analysis of differences among the groups, chest circumference and thigh circumference significantly increased in the amount of change after 12 weeks of exercise. As a result of post-Hoc test, the chest circumference was increased in the overweight group, normal weight group, and underweight group in order, and in the thigh circumference, the overweight group was higher than the normal weight group and underweight group.
2. Change of Body composition.
Among the body composition factors, the visceral fat level and InBody score showed an interaction effect between the period × groups. Within the group, normal weight group(skeletal muscle mass, visceral fat level, InBody score, basal metabolic rate, BMI), overweight group(body fat mass, visceral fat level, BMI, body fat percentage), underweight group(skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, InBody score, basal metabolic rate, BMI) was significantly increased. Difference analysis among groups showed significant differences in visceral fat level and InBody score in the amount of change after 12 weeks of exercise. As a result of post-Hoc test, the overweight group was higher than the underweight group in the visceral fat level, and the normal weight group was higher than the overweight group and the unedrweight group in the InBody score.
3. Change of Physical fitness.
Among the health fitness factors, the interaction effect between periods and groups was show in long-distance running, and the upper body roll, grip strength, long-distance jumping, and long-distance running were significantly increased in the normal, overweight, and low-weight groups. The difference analysis among the groups showed a significant difference in the amount of change after 12 weeks of exercise, and as a result of post-test, under weight group was higher than the normal weight group.
Summarizing the results of this study, the 12-week jump rope with music program has a positive effect on changes in physique, body composition, and physical fitness in the normal, overweight, and underweight group. In particular, the fact that a positive effect on the overweight and underweight group is that jump rope with music program is an appropriate exercise for elementary school students in the growing stage. In elementary school, growth and development occur simultaneously, so if there is a problem in one side, it can have a negative effect on the other. Therefore, for balanced growth, it is important to have an educational awareness of jump rope with music in daily life. Although the negative effect of flexibility among physical factors is a characteristic of the developmental period of elementary school students, if a program to improve flexibility with various techniques of jump rope with music is developed, it will be the most necessary exercise during the growth period of elementary school students.

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