우크라이나 분리∙독립주의 정치사상의 기원과 발전 (The origin and development of the political thoughts of separatism and independence in Ukraine)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국슬라브․유라시아학회
· 수록지 정보 : 슬라브학보 / 35권 / 4호 / 307 ~ 332페이지
· 저자명 : 홍석우

초록

1991년 소연방의 해체와 우크라이나의 독립 원인에 대해 그동안 많은 분석과 연구가 진행되어왔다. 그러나 우크라이나의 독립을 역사적 우연으로 바라보는 시각도 여전히 존재하는데, 본 소고는 그동안 우크라이나 사회에서 발전해왔던 자유와 분리∙독립의 정치사상을 역사적으로 고찰하고 1991년 우크라이나의 독립이 우크라이나인들의 오랜 정치적 염원이었음을 확인하고 있다. 1710년 우크라이나뿐만 아니라 유럽에서 최초로 제작되었던 필립 오를릭(Pylyp Orlyk)의 헌법에서부터 18세기 말, 19세기 초에 제작된 것으로 추정되는 『루스인들의 역사』 Istoriia Rusov, 키릴과 메토디우스 형제단의 정치적 주장, 흐로마다를 조직하며 인민주의자로 활동했던 볼로디미르 안토노비치의 사상, 민족주의자이며 사회주의자였던 미콜라 드라호마노브의 사상, 19세기 말과 20세기 초 러시아로부터 우크라이나의 완전한 독립을 주장했던 미콜라 미흐노브스키의 주장 및 1918년 1월 25일 우크라이나의 독립을 선언한 중앙라다의 제 4차 유니버설 선언문까지 역사적 기록과 문서를 분석하며 우크라이나의 정치사항이 어떻게 발전되어왔는지 분석하고 있다. 본 연구를 통해 우크라이나인들은 자유주의, 자치주의, 민주주의와 연방주의를 지향해왔으며, 20세기 초에 들어 완전한 분리∙독립 사상을 구축했음을 설명하고 있다.

영어초록

This article aims to examine the origins, developments, and influences of the political thoughts of separatism and independence in Ukraine. Although the Ukrainian independence in 1991 was suddenly realized without preparation, Ukrainian people’s demand for independence had already begun in the 17th century during the Cossack era. The “First Constitution,” produced by Pylyp Orlyk, a Hetman of Cossacks in 1710, was the first constitution enacted not only in Ukraine but also in Europe. Although this constitution does not refer to a completely separate and independent Ukraine, it asserts the autonomy of Ukraine and proposes the establishment of a democratic political community of the Ukrainian people free from Poland and Russia.
At the beginning of the 19th century, a series of intellectuals influenced by Romanticism, namely Taras Shevchenko, Mykola Kostomarov, Panteleimon Kulish, etc. organized the Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood, which contributed to the establishment of the concept of Ukrainian nation and nationalism. They proved the difference between Russian and Ukrainian nationalities and argued that Ukraine should be a center within the Slavic Federation.
In the mid-to-late 19th century, Volodymyr Antonovych and many other Ukrainian intellectuals called themselves 'Peasant Lovers' (Khlopomany) and showed a populism inclination, and valued Ukrainian national traditions. However, with the emergence of radical socialist ideas among intensive socialists in Russia and Ukraine in the 1870s, it was argued that it is desirable that national distinctions disappear and a global socialist society is born. Eventually, confrontation and separation between socialists and Ukrainian nationalists arose due to differences in views of the nation and the nation-state. Economists Mykola Ziber and Mykhailo Drahomanov, who were early Ukrainian Marxist and socialist, advocated the pursuit of gradual social development rather than a radical revolution, and believed the establishment of the Ukrainian national state was important. In the 20th century, political claims for the complete separation and independence of Ukraine from Russia were first materialized. Mykola Mikhnovsky wrote a brochure for the 'Revolutionary Ukrainian Party'. In the brochure titled “An Independent Ukraine”, he argued that Ukrainians should form a legally independent state.
This article examines the development process of Ukrainian political ideology to understand how the argument for the separation and independence of Ukraine from Russia has progressed and developed, and how it contributed to Ukraine's independence in 1991.

참고자료

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