조선조 성리학적 君臣關係의 권력구조 연구: 三峰과 茶山의 비교분석 (A Study on the Structure of Political Power in Neo-confucian Relationship of the King and the Subject in the Stage of Chosen Dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국행정사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국행정사학지 / 25호 / 133 ~ 163페이지
· 저자명 : 최한규, 연명모

초록

조선조 성리학의 새로운 통치 이데올로기를 마련하는 과정에서 군신관계를 규정하고 권력구조를 구상하는 것은 무엇보다도 중요한 문제였다. 성리학적 군신관계는 무조건적인 충성을 요구하면서도 권력구조의 사상적 내면에는 군권에 대한 견제와 균형을 유지하려는 데 있다. 적어도 성리학적 군신관계에서 바람직스런 정치권력구조를 위해서는 사견에 의한 치자(治者)의 독단을 막고, 민의에 따른 정치를 운영하려는 것이 성리학적 정치이념의 기본적인 태도이다. 조선조는 바로 이러한 군주와 신하의 관계를 통하여 정치적 위상을 규정하고 있는 성리학적 권력구조를 지향했고 법제와 제도의 창설도 성리학적 원리를 기초로 이루어졌다. 그러므로 군신 관계의 바람직한 견제와 균형을 통한 정치권력구조의 형성은 가장 중요한 정치체제유지의 방법이며, 백성을 위한 정치논리의 기본적 출발인 것이다. 이 논문은 이러한 문제의식을 가지고 조선조 성리학적 군신관계의 기본적 정치논리를 통하여 어떻게 정치권력구조에 투영되었는지 삼봉 정도전과 다산 정약용의 권력구조를 비교분석해 봄으로써 성리학적 권력구조의 기본성격과 추구한 이상을 검토해보고자 한다.

영어초록

This study examines the Structure of political power in Neo-confucian Relationship of the king and the subject in the Stage of Chosen Dynasty
The subject right theory has started ‘checks and balances’ of the king’s right in the political process which the Early Stage of Chosen Dynasty has chosen neo-confucianism as ruling ideology. The reason that the confucian scholars in this period accepted the neo-confucianism as an alternative political discourse is because it provided an efficient weapon against king’s right and a theoretical resource for reinforcing their position as a new political force.
The purpose of this study is threefold: to reexamine the nature of political thoughts and aims of ’the subject’s right theory’ in the Early Stage of Chosen Dynasty as the neo-confucian discourse, to emphasize the intimate relationship of the political thoughts between king, the subjects and peoples as the neo-confucian discourse, to identify the major aspects of political history in terms of ‘checks and balances’ of the king’s right and the subject’s right.
Thus during a period from the first year of Tae-jo to the last stage of Tae-jong, the subject’s achieved a solution to the problem of political stability, but they could not solve the problem of creating adequate political authority for the achievement of king’s power. The balance of power between king’s right and the subject’s right was an asset for the maintenance of political stability, but it was a liability when the subject’s right was faced with the need to strengthen the king’s right.
The subjects had a stake in the preservation of a political system that was at the same time centralized and weak, and neither kings nor could provide strong political power - kings were subject to too many restraints and the subjects were always subordinated to royal authority. Therefore one of the main problems for an amicable solution was establishment of kundo(君道) and Sindo(臣道) through Sukichiin(修己治人).
This article argues that analysis of the comparative Sambong(鄭道傳)-Dasan(丁若鏞) confucian politics in pre- Chin period which have provided the struture of political power

참고자료

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