조선조 군주론의 정치사상적 논거와 기능에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Logics and Function in Political Thought of ‘The King Theory’ in the Chosun Dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국행정사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국행정사학지 / 33호 / 181 ~ 211페이지
· 저자명 : 연명모, 최한규

초록

조선의 정치체제는 군주의 절대권을 옹호하면서도 철저한 修己를 통한 性理學的 君主論를 요구하여 왔다. 군주가 치자로서의 君道를 잃어 버렸을 때에는 당대의 성리학자들은 그 시대에 적실성 있는 정치체제의 요구에 걸맞는 군주론의 정립을 거듭 상주하였고 강조하였다. 창업기에는 군주가 창업기의 해야할 여러 가지 문제에 대한 근본적인 해결책을 제시하였고, 수성기에는 국가의 안정과 체제정비와 그 해결책에 대한 군주의 기본적인 행동규범을 제시하고 있다. 또한 시대가 기울어 가는 어려운 개혁기에는 군주에게 개혁의 필요성과 그 치유책을 논하고 있다.
조선정치체제도 성리학적 국가설계를 하여 500년 동안 성리학적 이데올로기를 유지할 수 있었던 근간은 시대에 적실성 있는 君主論의 정립과 이를 통한 군주의 역할과 위상을 재정립함으로써 절대권력자인 군주의 정치적 도덕성을 배양하고 이를 통한 성리학적 이상국가인 대동세계와 태평성대를 꿈꾸었다는 사실은 현대정치학을 연구함에 있어 대통령론의 정치리더십에 대한 연구에 있어 시사하는 바가 크다고 보아야 할 것이다.

영어초록

This study examines the political thoughts of function and logic, the political history on 'the King theory' in Dynasty as the neo-confucian discourse.
The King theory has started 'checks and balances' of the king's right in the political process which the Early Stage of Chosen Dynasty has chosen neo-confucianism as ruling ideology. The reason that the confucian scholars in this period accepted the neo-confucianism as an alternative political discourse is because it provided an efficient weapon against king's right and a theoretical resource for reinforcing their position as a new political force.
The purpose of this study is threefold : to reexamine the nature of political thoughts and aims of 'the subject's right theory' in the Early Stage of Chosen Dynasty as the neo-confucian discourse, to emphasize the intimate relationship of the political thoughts between king, the subjects and peoples as the neo-confucian discourse, to identify the major aspects of political history in terms of 'checks and balances' of the king's right and the subject's right.
This study has as its object a period from the first year of Tae-jo to the last stage of Tae-jong(1392-1418).
Thus during a period from the first year of Tae-jo to the last stage of Tae-jong, the subject's achieved a solution to the problem of political stability, but they could not solve the problem of creating adequate political authority for the achievement of king's power. The balance of power between king's right and the subject's right was an asset for the maintenance of political stability, but it was a liability when the subject's right was faced with the need to strengthen the king's right.
The subjects had a stake in the preservation of a political system that was at the same time centralized and weak, and neither kings nor could provide strong political power - kings were subject to too many restraints and the subjects were always subordinated to royal authority. Therefore one of the main problems for an amicable solution was establishment of kundo(君道) and Sindo(臣道) through Sukichiin(修己治人).
This article argues that analysis of Political Thought of 'The King theory' confucian politics in pre- Chin period which have provided the background of political thoughts on 'the subject's right theory' in the Early Stage of Chosen Dynasty

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