중국 경찰과 검찰의 관계가 주는 시사점 (Implications about the Relationship between the Police and the Prosecution Service in China)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 경찰대학 치안정책연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 치안정책연구 / 33권 / 2호 / 61 ~ 90페이지
· 저자명 : 노연상

초록

중국의 경찰과 검찰은 상호 독립적인 대등한 국가기관으로서 경찰은 대부분의 수사를 담당하며 검찰은 특정한 범죄에 대한 수사와 기소를 담당하고 책임지는 전문분담이 기능을 가지고 있다. 경찰과 검찰은 수사과정에서 수평적인 대등관계를 유지하면서 서로의 권한을 합리적으로 행사하는지 살펴보는 상호견제 하는 기능을 가지고 있다.
중국 경찰과 검찰이 수사권을 합리적으로 배분하고 서로 협력과 견제를 통하여 형사소송절차에서 견제와 균형을 통한 국민의 인권보호를 위하여 노력하려는 중국 형사소송법의 진일보한 근본취지는 우리에게 시사하는 바가 크다.
국민들은 검찰의 변화와 개혁을 강하게 요구하고 있고, 이는 거스를 수 없는 시대의 흐름으로 다가왔다. 수사와 기소의 분리요청이 일부 반영되고 경찰과 검찰의 수사권을 합리적으로 조정함으로써 경찰과 검찰간의 견제와 균형이 달성하고 인권보호를 항상 염두에 두고 업무를 수행해야 하며 수사관행이 국민의 눈높이에 맞고 개선할 부분이 없는지 국민의 시각으로 직시하며 균형감 있고 적정한 법적용을 하여야 국민의 신뢰를 받을 수 있다.
따라서, 수사기관인 경찰과 검찰의 관계는 범죄수사에 있어서 상호협조하면서도 서로의 탈법을 감시하고 견제하는 관계로 재정립하여야 한다.
경찰에게는 수사권의 권한과 책임을 주고, 검찰은 기소권을 행사하는 조직간 적절한 권한배분을 통하여 선진 형사소송구조가 가지고 있는 견제와 균형의 민주주의의 원리가 반영된 형사사법시스템의 도입이 필요하며 경찰이 국민을 위한 수사기관으로 신뢰받기 위해서는 수사의 공정성을 확보할 수 있는 제도의 내실화 및 강화가 필요하다. 검찰이 독점하고 있는 수사권을 경찰과 분점시켜 한 기관에 의한 수사권 독점과 부당한 수사간섭에 의한 왜곡가능성을 방지하고 경쟁체제를 도입하여 실체적 진실발견과 사법정의의 실현에 한걸음 다가갈 수 있으며, 특정사건을 제외한 일반 형사사건의 경우 경찰의 수사권을 독립시켜 경찰의 책임하에 수사가 진행되고 완결되도록 하며, 만약에 경찰수사과정 중에 가혹행위와 같은 불법행위나 국민의 인권을 침해하는 행위가 있었다는 의혹이 불거져 나온 경우에는 이 부분을 검찰이 철저하게 수사하여 엄중한 책임을 묻는 체제가 정착된다면 경찰도 함부로 피의자에 대한 인권을 유린하는 행위를 하지 않아 인권보장의 강화에 기여할 것이다.

영어초록

Implications about the Relationship between the Police and the Prosecution Service in China Roh, Yeon-Sang As two national institutions, the police and the prosecution are mutually independent and equal in China. The police are responsible for most of the investigations while the prosecution service specializes in investigating and prosecuting the specific crimes. The police and the prosecution service can check each other to see if their rights are carried out reasonably as they keep an equal relationship in the investigation process. Chinese police and prosecution service keep a balanced and restraint state in the criminal proceedings through distributing the investigative rights, cooperating, and checking each other. The fundamental goal of Chinese Criminal Procedure Law, which is trying to protect human rights, suggests a great deal to us.
People in our country are strongly asking for changes and reforms of the prosecution, and this has come to an irreversible era. The request for separation of investigation and prosecution should be partially responded and the investigative rights should be reasonably adjusted. We should always keep in mind in working for human rights and performing a balanced and mutual restraint between the police and the prosecution service. We should stand in the perspective of the public to review whether our investigation practices need to be improved. Balanced and appropriate applications of law can earn the trust of the people. Therefore, the relationship between the police and the prosecution service in criminal investigation should be reestablished in a way of cooperation and monitoring with each other. The police should be given the investigative rights and responsibilities while the prosecution service should appropriately assign the authorities among organizations carrying out the right of accusation. It is necessary to introduce a criminal system that reflects the principle of democracy of advanced criminal lawsuit structures with the balances and restraints. In order for the police to be trusted as an investigation agency for the public, it is necessary to enforce and strengthen the system that ensures the fairness of the investigation. Investigative rights, which are monopolized by the prosecution, should be shared with the police to avoid the possibility of distortion due to monopolies of investigative rights by an agency and unfair investigation interferences. By adopting a competitive system, we can take a step closer to the truth and legal justice. In the case of general criminal cases, the investigation will be run by the police. If a suspicion of serious illegal activities arises during investigation process by the police, the prosecution should investigate this part thoroughly and set a rigorous blame system. The police should not abuse the human rights that will contribute to the strengthening of human rights guarantees.Implications about the Relationship between the Police and the Prosecution Service in China Roh, Yeon-Sang As two national institutions, the police and the prosecution are mutually independent and equal in China. The police are responsible for most of the investigations while the prosecution service specializes in investigating and prosecuting the specific crimes. The police and the prosecution service can check each other to see if their rights are carried out reasonably as they keep an equal relationship in the investigation process. Chinese police and prosecution service keep a balanced and restraint state in the criminal proceedings through distributing the investigative rights, cooperating, and checking each other. The fundamental goal of Chinese Criminal Procedure Law, which is trying to protect human rights, suggests a great deal to us.
People in our country are strongly asking for changes and reforms of the prosecution, and this has come to an irreversible era. The request for separation of investigation and prosecution should be partially responded and the investigative rights should be reasonably adjusted. We should always keep in mind in working for human rights and performing a balanced and mutual restraint between the police and the prosecution service. We should stand in the perspective of the public to review whether our investigation practices need to be improved. Balanced and appropriate applications of law can earn the trust of the people. Therefore, the relationship between the police and the prosecution service in criminal investigation should be reestablished in a way of cooperation and monitoring with each other. The police should be given the investigative rights and responsibilities while the prosecution service should appropriately assign the authorities among organizations carrying out the right of accusation. It is necessary to introduce a criminal system that reflects the principle of democracy of advanced criminal lawsuit structures with the balances and restraints. In order for the police to be trusted as an investigation agency for the public, it is necessary to enforce and strengthen the system that ensures the fairness of the investigation. Investigative rights, which are monopolized by the prosecution, should be shared with the police to avoid the possibility of distortion due to monopolies of investigative rights by an agency and unfair investigation interferences. By adopting a competitive system, we can take a step closer to the truth and legal justice. In the case of general criminal cases, the investigation will be run by the police. If a suspicion of serious illegal activities arises during investigation process by the police, the prosecution should investigate this part thoroughly and set a rigorous blame system. The police should not abuse the human rights that will contribute to the strengthening of human rights guarantees.

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