The government's measures to root out unfair trade practices by large retailers and efforts to make them fair have significantly reduced the level of unfair trade to suppliers at department stores and large discount stores, but they still need more improvement. Earlier this year, a survey by the Korea Federation of Small and Medium Business also supported the situation, with 9.7 percent of department store suppliers saying they experienced unfair practices from department stores that have been traded within the past year. In addition, 38.8 percent of the respondents felt there was a need for improvement in the sharing of discount prices. This study investigated the transaction characteristics of department stores (e.g., contract terms, supporting activities, information sharing) that affect perceived justice from the supplier (manufacturer) point of view, and identified the effect of the supplier's multi-dimensional perceived justice (e.g., distributive justice, procedural justice and interactive justice) on the department store's channel leadership.
To test the above proposed research model <Figure1> and hypotheses, survey was conducted on manufacturers related to department stores. A total of 164 companies were fashion (fashion, women's fashion, men's fashion/sports) with 97, followed by food and household goods with 32.3 percent (53), and other products with 8.5 percent (14). All the measurement scales in this study come from existing literature with adaptation to fit the purpose of this study.
To verify the research model and test hypotheses, the authors carefully investigated the reliability, content validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity of the proposed model. Overall, the results indicated good psychometric properties, and the measurement model revealed acceptable fit of the model(χ2=803.079, df=408, χ2/df=1.968, RMR=0.027, GFI=0.770, NFI=0.871, IFI=0.932, TLI=0.922, CFI=0.932). Composite reliability and AVE among the set of indicators that measured underlying construct, are greater than the recommended threshold value of 0.7 for CR and 0.5 for AVE. Thus, the model provides a good fit to the data resulting in <Table 1>.
All hypotheses established in the study were supported except that hypotheses 1 and 3 were partially supported. Hypothesis 1 is the assumption that the contractual terms with a department store has a positive effect on the supplier’s perceived justice and will have the greatest impact on the distributive justice of a manufacturer's perceived transaction, although the difference in path coefficients between the free and the constraint model showed that the difference in path coefficient values was not statistically significant (H1, partially supported). Hypothesis 2 has been hypothesized that the support activities of department stores has a positive effect on the supplier’s perceived justice and have the greatest impact on the manufacturer's perceived procedural justice as well, while supporting activities have the most significant effect on both multidimensional justice and are found to have the greatest impact on procedural justice (H2, supported). Hypothesis 3 is a hypothesis that information sharing with department stores will have a positive effect on the supplier’s perceived justice and have the greatest impact on interactive justice, although information sharing has not significantly affected distributive and procedural justice, and differences in path coefficients have been shown to have a statistically significant effect on interactive justice(H3, partially supported). Finally, Hypothesis 4 was supported by the assumption that perceived justice would have a positive effect on the channel leadership at the department store, and that distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactive justice all had a positive effect on the channel leadership (H4, supported). Finally, the academic and practical implications of this study were presented and the future direction of research was presented.
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