「하생기우전」 여귀인물의 성격 전환 양상과 의미 (An aspect of the YeoGwi’s character change and the meaning in 「Hasaenggiujeon」)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한민족어문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한민족어문학(구 영남어문학) / 65호 / 205 ~ 234페이지
· 저자명 : 김현화

초록

「하생기우전」의 여귀는 「최치원」, 「만복사저포기」, 「이생규장전」 등의 작품에 나오는 여귀의 전형에서 탈피한 인물이다. 그 전환 양상은 다음의 세 가지로 나타난다. 첫째, 동태적(動態的) 행보의 여귀라는 점이다. 앞선 작품의 여귀들이 정태적 행보에서 벗어나지 못한 것은 남자주인공과의 일대일 관계 외에는 달리 구명(求命)의 길을 찾을 수 없었다는 데 있다. 여귀의 동태적 행보는 그녀가 죽은 지 불과 사흘 밖에 되지 않았다는 시간의 공로 때문이기도 하다. 둘째, 「하생기우전」의 여귀는 이승의 목격자가 다수 등장하는 인물로 전환한다. 그간의 여귀들을 목격하는 인물이 남자주인공을 제외하곤 모두 저승의 존재였다는 것과 비교할 때 상당한 변화이다. 다수의 목격자는 여귀의 현실계 복귀를 인정하는 증인 역할을 한다. 셋째, 「하생기우전」의 여귀는 당대인이 공감할 만한 ‘동일시의 세계’를 구축하는 성격으로 전환한다. 여귀의 현실적 문제와 남자주인공의 현실적 문제가 동질성을 띠기 때문이다.
이와 같은 여귀인물의 성격 변화는 소설적으로 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 첫째, 「하생기우전」의 여귀는 상하 계층 간의 소통을 실현한다. 여귀는 운명론적 세계관을 완전히 벗어낸 인물은 아니지만 화해와 평등의식을 현실세계에 소통시킨 인물로 거듭난다. 둘째, 「하생기우전」의 여귀는 관습적으로 내려오던 무덤 공간의 성격을 탈피하는 데 기여한다. 여귀들의 개인적 비극사가 담긴 관습적 공간에 사회적 문제를 담아 놓는다. 여귀의 무덤 공간 성격이 달라지면서 남자주인공의 환경 또한 현실적 문제를 드러내는 공간으로 전환한다.
권력과 암투, 성공과 출세에 대한 사실적 욕망을 담은 무덤 공간은 여귀인물이 그만큼 당대의 현실을 투영하는 현실적 인물로 전환했다는 사실을 가리킨다. 여귀의 성격 변화는 작품에 리얼리티 살리고자 했던 작가의 창작의식과 연관된다.

영어초록

The YeoGwi in 「Hasaenggiujeon」 is the character who overcomes the imperfect corporeal limitations and returns to human world. Even though it was the character who returned in the shape of fantasy rebirth, she was the existence with meaning of expressing the will of the subject for novel and of showing the stream. There are three aspects that can be changed to the three-dimensional and realistic character as following, getting out of a model of 「YeoGwi」 in the earlier works such as 「Choichiwon」, 「Manboksajeopogi」 and 「Leesaenggyujangjeon」.
First, it is a YeoGwi of dynamic walk. The YeoGwi in the earlier works died setting the theory of the fantasy world, on the other hand, the YeoGwi in 「Hasaenggiujeon」 showed the dynamic walk for returning to this world setting the theory of the real world. The reason why the earlier YeoGwis couldn’t get out of static dynamic walk is that they couldn’t find another way for saving their life but one-to-one relationship with a hero. In the case of 「Hasaenggiujeon」, her farther including a hero functioned as a savior. The extension of the relationship of individuals related with a YeoGwi has broken on our eyes.
As the reason why the YeoGwi did such a dynamic walk, the function of time played a big role, which three days have passed since her death. It means that the time can be possible to recognize as it may ‘return again alive’. It makes us to think that they had a bare change for rebirth to the real world in that All YeoGwis were some years under the tomb until they appeared, because both the author and the readers don’t sympathize with the time.
Second, the YeoGwi in 「Hasaenggiujeon」 changed to the character who has many witnesses in the real world different with all YeoGwis in a while. It is a great change comparing with the characters who were finding the YeoGwis in a while were the existences in the next world but a hero. Majority of witness played a role as a witness who recognizes the YeoGwi to return to the real world. As a heroine could be recognized by them and married to a hero, she could live to reorganize her life completely for the real world.
Third, the YeoGwi in 「Hasaenggiujeon」, her character changed to the character who built ‘the identical world’ where the people in the day could feel empathy. The reason why it was possible to be built the identical world is that the realistic problems between YeoGwi and a hero had the same characteristics. The realistic problem of YeoGwi was related with her father’s wrongful power. The YeoGwi could be reborn, after her father stopped his evil conducts. Her father made a habit of slandering and scheming in the Royal Court. We can review the messy political reality in the day by her father and the reality where the character couldn’t be hired like a hero, even though having the state examination for some years. The 「Hasaenggiujeon」 got the truth out of its pending issue of the day, as the realistic problems of YeoGwi and a hero worked like igniting each other. This means that the role of the character, YeoGwi, changed to the dynamic character, unlike in the earlier work.
Such YeoGwi’s character change has novelistic significant, because it was reflected the author’s sense of creation, who took an interest in the social function and a role of work of fiction. The two meanings are as follow.
First, the YeoGwi of 「Hasaenggiujeon」 is the character who tried to communicate between two classes-a class who has power, a class who doesn’t have power. The farther of YeoGwi did evil conducts by power. A hero couldn’t be appointed for the world due to such power, even if he was gifted. To be intervened in them by the theory of the fantasy world of the YeoGwi’s rebirth is a novelistic tool that covers a feud between the classes and makes them communicate. In addition, the YeoGwi intervened in communication between the classes when overcoming a conflict of marriage. The YeoGwi in 「Hasaenggiujeon」 was not the character who got out completely of the fatalistic view of the world, but she was a character who tried to communicate reconciliation and equality awareness to the real world.
Second, the YeoGwi in 「Hasaenggiujeon」 played a meaningful role for getting out of a character in a literature space that was handed traditionally for generation. It was a tomb that led to the traditional literature space. The tomb in the works of previous generation was just the place where had the personal tragic history of the YeoGwis, not emphasizing on the realistic problems. It was the place of revealing YeoGwi’s regretful past that she went around as a lonely soul, painfulness of an unfulfilled wish and feeling of loneliness that she couldn’t have a relation even though being in the flower of her youth. On the other hand, the YeoGwi in 「Hasaenggiujeon」 kept the social problems as a secret in the traditional tomb. As the character of the YeoGwi’s tomb changed, the circumstance of a hero changed to the space where showed the realistic problems.
As reviewing above, the YeoGwi in 「Hasaenggiujeon」 was reborn as the existence who explored the social problems setting the world where the person in the day could sympathize enough, and who didn’t tear anymore for a personal tragedy. The fact that the tomb where was bleak under a rainstorm and a bush changed to the place where had the realistic desires for power and veiled enmity and success and advancement is that she changed much to the realistic character of reflecting the reality in the day. It can be said that the change of YeoGwi’s character is to show the author’s sense of creation, who tried to put the reality on his work.

참고자료

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