조선전기 한강 津渡制의 성립과 변화 (Establishment and Changes of Hangang River’s Water Transportation System)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 고려사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 韓國史學報 / 76호 / 145 ~ 174페이지
· 저자명 : 문광균

초록

조선시대 한강은 수도를 보호하고, 물류를 유통하는 중요한 자연환경이었다. 그러나강폭이 넓고 유량이 풍부하여 육로교통을 단절시키는 문제도 있었다. 이를 위해 조선왕조는 고려의 유제를 받아들여 津渡를 설치하였다. 수도 인근 한강변에 있던 진도는일반 행인 뿐 아니라 국왕의 행차에도 자주 이용되었다. 그러므로 한강의 진도는 다른진도와 달리 국왕의 행행의 영향을 많이 받았다. 그 대표적인 곳이 광주 마전포, 즉 三 田渡였다. 광주의 삼전도는 講武가 자주 시행되었던 지역일 뿐만 아니라 많은 왕릉이조성되었던 곳이었으므로 조선전기 국왕 행행이 가장 빈번했고, 결국 진도제에 편입되었다. 조선전기 진도제는 연산군대 이르러 금표정책으로 일시 폐기되었다. 그러다 중종반정으로 진도제는 다시 복구되었고, 이후 정부는 한강 도강에 따른 안정규정을 강화해갔다. 이러한 한강 진도를 둘러싼 변화는 『경국대전』과 『대전후속록』에 명문화되었다.

영어초록

Water transportation system(津渡制度) of Joseon Dynasty was established while succeeded from Yuje of Koryo period. Howeve, as the capital was transferred to Hanyang, it was impossible to succeed water transportation of Koryo period as it was. First of all, joawudosuchampangwan(左右道水站判官) was newly established so as to manage grains and water transportation of Hangang River, Imjingang River, and Yeseonggang River. And water transportation was expanded in doseong such as Noryangdo, Gwangjin, etc., water transportation byulgam(津渡別監) was abolished, and doseung(渡丞) was dispatched.
In Sejong~Seongjong, as status of Gwangju Samjeondo was enhanced, water transportation system was regulated and arranged again. Since Taejong, hunting system(講武) and neunghaeng(陵行) of national king were conducted in Gwangju. As national king went to Gwangju often, ferryboat(津船) and jinbu(津夫) were arranged in samjeondo during Sejong King. In Sejo King, it became key water transportation that doseung was dispatched. At the same time, government arranged several regulations such as doseung’s appointment, personnel evaluation, regular members of ferryboat and jinbu, payment of neumjeon and jinbujeon, etc. so as to manage water transportation systematically.
From Yeonsangun~Jungjong, water transportation system was pushed. During Yeonsangun, water transportation was collapsed because of baedari(浮橋) hypothesis and geumpyo(禁標) policy of Hangang River. Especially, geumpyo policy was a decisive opportunity to ablosh water transportation. However due to Jungjongbanjung, water transportation system was recovered and safety regulations of dogang was prepared while experiencing huge mortality events of Yanghwa-do and bank revetment of Gyunhang(犬項).
Water transportation system established and arranged in the former stage of Joseon Dynasty was continued until the latter part of 16th century. And then, it was collapsed rapidly due to the two times of wars. And guarantee places such as Ganghwado Mountain, Namhansanseong Fortress, etc. became important in the 17th century. While preparing defense system of doseong in the 18th century, transportation system focusing on Hangang River predicts another change.

참고자료

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