‘조직폭력’ ‘폭력조직’ 및 '범죄단체' 개념의 재음미 (A Study on the Legal Improvements and Concept of Organized Violence Crimes)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국공안행정학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국공안행정학회보 / 17권 / 2호 / 221 ~ 251페이지
· 저자명 : 조병인, 윤해성

초록

소위 우리가 깡패라고 부르고 있는 패거리들 사이에서도 역사를 거슬러 올라가면 그들 사이에서도 다같은 깡패가 아니라‘건달’과‘양아치’로 구분한다. 현재에는 과거에 멋스럽고 의리있는 건달보다는 영리를 위해서라면 무슨일이든 하는 양아치들이 판치고 있을 지도 모른다. 이렇듯 건달과 깡패(양아치)는 어떻게 보면 같은 의미처럼 보이지만 실상은 그들 세계에서 엄격하게 구별된다. 같은 맥락에서 요즈음 영화나 드라마를 보면 조폭이라는 말이 많이 등장하는데,‘조직폭력’,‘폭력조직’이라는 단어가 많이 사용되고 있음에도 불구하고 실상 그 명확한 정의를 찾아보기 어렵지만, 그러한 단어는 늘상 혼용되어 사용되고 있다. 판례는 통상 범죄단체라는 표현으로 조직폭력과 폭력조직의 개념을 압
축하여 사용해 왔지만 범죄단체라는 개념은 법률상의 정의규정은 아니다. 「형법」제114조에서는 범죄단체의 조직이라는 표제로 사용되고 있으며,「폭처법」제4조에서는 단체등의 구성·활동이라는 표제로 사용되고 있으나 판례에서의 주로 사용하는 범죄단체는「폭처법」상의 단체등의 구성·활동죄로 혼용되고 있어 이에 대한 명확한 제시가 필요하다고 판단되었다. 따라서 이 글에서는 건달과
양아치의 의미가 다르듯, 조직폭력과 폭력조직의 차이점을 형법과 특별법인「폭처법」그리고 판례상의 분석을 통하여 개념을 유추해 보고, 판례상의 범죄단체의 개념을「형법」과 특별법인「폭처법」그리고 판례상의 분석을 통하여 재음미해 보기로 한다.

영어초록

Tracing back to the origin of the meaning, the word, gang, that is,
“Ggangpae(a group of gangsters)” does not implicate a single sort of
people and can be divided into some small groups, such as ‘Geondal’ and
‘Yangachi’. At present, in their numbers, Yangachis who are willing to do
any dirty job merely for profits prevail over Geondals who sound
romantic and attractive. Like this, ‘Geondal’ and ‘Yangchi’ seem to have
same meaning in some aspects, but in fact, these two terms are strictly
distinguished in their world.
In the same context, when we see a movie or drama, the word
“ChoPok(Organized violence)” is so often heard of. Despite the fact that
the term ‘organized violence’ or ‘a violent organization’ is frequently used,
it is difficult to find the clear definition of these terms, which have been
always mixed in use. In a judicial precedent, the term for a criminal
group has been used as a representative compressed concept of organized
violence and a violent organization, but the concept of a criminal group is
not a legal definition. As a review of Article 261 of Criminal Act and
Article 3 of Punishment of Violences, etc. Act, through a precedent and
in relation to organized violence concept under a present legislative
system, both terms can be understood as a kind of a special violence act,
but the more importance seems to be placed on the word of ‘organized’
that violence, because Punishment of Violences, etc. Act contains the will
to strongly punish by directly stating ‘power of an organization or group.’ Therefore, it is deemed that the expression, ‘organized violence,’ is more
suitable than a violent organization.
In the Article 114 of Criminal Act, it is used as a title of an
organization of a criminal group, and in the Article 4 of Punishment of
Violences, etc. Act, it is used as a title of composition･activity of group,
etc, but the criminal group mostly used in a precedent is mixed for use
as composition･activity crime of group, etc. of Punishment of Violences,
etc. Act, so clear proposal on that was considered to be required. As a
result, if the Article 114 of the Criminal Act is premised as
comprehensive regulation not only on a crime by organized violence but
on a criminal group that a criminal group committing organized crimes
requires punishment of criminal politically, the present title should be
amended, and instead, if the Article 4 of Punishment of Violence, etc. the
Act includes a strong will to severely punish a crime of committing
organized violence and is presumed that such a crime should be punished,
the tile of composition･activity of group, etc is desirable to be changed
into that of composition･activity of a (organized violence) criminal group.
Furthermore, for an organized-violence criminal case to be acknowledged
as a criminal group as referred to in the Paragraph 1, the Article 114 of
Criminal Act, so to speak, to incorporate an organized-violence case,
through exclusion under a special law, into Criminal Act, composition
requirement must be provided in detail and it would be necessary to solve
a criminal case legislatively by devising punishment according to the
shared role of respective members of the organization.

참고자료

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