경찰 우범자 관리의 패러다임 전환 (The Paradigm Shift of Potential Criminals Management by the Police in KOREA)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 경찰대학 경찰대학
· 수록지 정보 : 경찰학연구 / 16권 / 3호 / 263 ~ 286페이지
· 저자명 : 조대희

초록

경찰의 우범자 관리를 법제화하기 위해 정부와 국회에서 입법화를 시도하였으나, 인권침해 등을 이유로 답보상태이며 그간 제시된 법안의 내용도 지금 경찰이 하고 있는 업무관행 현실을 법제화하는 수준에 그치고 있어 국민적 공감대를 형성하지도 못하고 있다. 우리나라의 우범자 관리는 애초부터 조직폭력배 검거 등 ‘신속한 수사’ 목적에 초점을 두고 관리해왔기 때문에 재범방지와는 거리가 멀고 특히 우범자의 재사회화라는 가치와는 동떨어져 있어 실질적인 범죄예방효과를 기대하기 어렵다. 즉, 경찰 주도의 우범자 관리는 ‘감시’ 중심으로 흐를 수밖에 없어 형식적인 점검 수준에 그치고 있는 것이다. 이제는 우범자 관리를 신속한 수사보다는 ‘재사회화를 통한 재범방지’에 방점을 두고 경찰 단독이 아닌 ‘관련기관간의 협업’을 통해 이루어지도록 패러다임이 전환되어야 한다. 이를 위해 Polibation과 같은 경찰과 보호관찰의 유기적 협력방안 뿐만 아니라, 치안 거버넌스 차원에서 지역 치안공동체를 활용하는 방안이 검토되어야 한다.

영어초록

If an potential offender repeats a crime, the primary responsibility is given to the police because they did not handle the situation very well. The regulation of potential criminal is required, despite how late it is, in order to establish a safe society. In Korea potential criminals are controlled by minor police branch groups such as “rules regarding potential criminal information gathering”. Especially when the 1991, the rule was established, observing those with a criminal record, establishing them as potential criminals in order to prevent repeated crimes. So far, the regulations of potential criminals have no laws or systems overseeing it in Korea. This fact comes in conflict with the rules regarding individual privacy, leading to a rather overly formal and minimal method. In addition, the regulations related to potential criminals management have not affected the original purposes, efficient investigation and crime prevention. And there are no regulatory justifications in terms of purpose, definitions, types, selection(inclusion), screening and material disposal. As mentioned before, while problems regarding repeated offence by potential criminals are found in many areas, the solution can be first found in considering change on how the law treats the so-called potential criminals. It is considered the most realistic solution in terms of problem solving so far as to especially insert provisions for the amendment on the act to promote the regulation of “the Act on the Performance of Duties by Police Officers”, which can be called the common law standard in police activity.
But, since the ultimate goal of the prevention of recidivism is to fully reintegrate criminals back to society, we must consider that multi-agency public protection arrangements such as the police and protection surveillance to install related agencies configure the system to work together and consistently manage the rehabilitations. There is a limit to prevent recidivism only by police surveillance. In particular, amid no measures in place for existing problems, such as no criteria for proper assessment of recidivism risks and blind spots in the control of data collected by police, allowing for management of potential criminals is not desirable from the criminal policy standpoint.

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