일제시기 조선에서 부랑자의 출현과 행정당국의 대책 (The Apparition of Puranja or Vagabond and Colonial Government’s Response to It in Colonial Korea)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국사회사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 사회와역사(구 한국사회사학회논문집) / 107호 / 73 ~ 96페이지
· 저자명 : 예지숙

초록

이 글은 일제시기 부랑자의 출현과 이들에 대한 사회적 차별이 제도화되는 것을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 식민권력은 부랑자를 단속하는 제도를 만들어 걸인 등 유랑민을 단속하였다. 병합 초 구지배층을 포함하여 다양한 계층으로 형성된 부랑자는 1920년대 이후 경제적 관점에서 도시빈민으로 정의되었다. 1930년대 들어 걸식·부랑자를 지칭하는 말로 룸펜이 쓰이기 시작하였다. 1920년대 이후 부랑자에 대한 행정당국의 대책은 경찰력을 통하여 도시 밖으로 내쫓는 것과 도시사회사업 시설을 통하여 관리하는 것이었다. 그런데 1927년을 전후하여 도시빈민문제가 사회문제화 되면서 부랑자에 대한 대책으로 수용책이 등장하였고, 지역 단위로 부랑자수용시설이 건립되거나 설치계획이 수립되었다. 일제시기 부랑자는 식민통치의 진전에 따라 다른 위상을 지니고 있었고 이들에 대한 대책은 치안 일변도에서 ‘사회사업’의 일환인 수용책으로 ‘진화’하였다.

영어초록

The Sotokufu or Colonial Government in Korea controlled people such as unemployed ones with ability to work and vagabonds without address as police offenses. The Purangja were the persons who rejected sound work ethics as opposite from workers and thus should be arrested and reeducated ones. In early colonial period, the situation was complicated in constituting Purangja group. The concept was composed of Yangban, some middle class people, muffians around two groups, entertainment shop owners, beggars and vagabonds. The common denominator of these people was non-work.
The Sotokufu controlled everyday life of colonial people through police. Thus this also applies to the regulation and guidance on wanderers. Colonial authorities used census with social status (family registry), control on migration (rule of residence), and police census. Thus the government were able to accumulate information about colonial people and to penetrate into their daily lives. The police tried to compel labor ethics upon people and to change Korean “custom” through social campaigns while they investigated and arrested Purangja. Although it was not easy to delete colonial people’s habitus and imbibe new work ethics within short time period, the colonial government was able to invent some room to intervene into people’s daily life through job mediation. The colonial government’s clean-up movement against Purangja was welcomed by some elites because Purangja was a person who lack capitalistic labor ethics with crime against social status. There arose a conception that people without a livinghood tended to commit a crime. Thus they were controlled. The administrative and judicial foundation to arrest these people had a firm root in the society through Regulation on Punishing Police Offenses.

참고자료

· 없음