가족이 기억하는 죽음, 기자가 기록하는 죽음 : 의미연결망 분석과 토픽모델링을 이용한 세월호 학생 희생자 추모 텍스트 분석 (Death remembered by family, death recorded by reporter : A semantic network analysis and topic modeling of the text memorializing Sewol ferry victims)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국언론학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국언론학보 / 65권 / 6호 / 482 ~ 518페이지
· 저자명 : 이완수, 최명일

초록

이 연구는 2014년 4월 16일 세월호 침몰사고로 희생된 대한민국 경기도 단원고 등학교 학생 119명의 죽음을 기록한 유가족의 추모편지와 기자의 추모기사 사이에 어떤 언어적 의미차이가 있는지 비교해 살펴보았다. 전체적인 기억의 내용을 비교해 보기위해 의미연결망 분석을, 선택한 단어 집단 간의 차이를 비교해 보기위해 토픽모델링 분석을 실시했다. 분석결과, 유가족 추모편지는 꿈에서라도 한 번 나타나 줬으면 하는 엄마의 간절한 모성애, 자녀와 경험했던 생전의 일상적 추억, 자녀를 죽음에서 구해주지 못한 아빠의 무력감, 그리고 가족의 근황과 함께 견디기 힘든 일상적 고통에 대한 기억을 드러냈다. 추모편지는 주로 ‘엄마’, ‘아빠’, ‘딸’, ‘아들’, ‘사랑’, ‘미안’, ‘행복’과 같은 가족과 감정 중심적인 언어들을 많이 사용했다. 이에 반해 기자의 추모기사는 자식을 영원히 떠난 보낸 부모의 깊은 상실감, 자녀의 무사귀환에 대한 기원, 어린 망자의 개인적 재능과 장래희망, 자녀와의 마지막 이별장면, 그리고 교우관계나 사회봉사와 같은 규범적인 사회가치나 미덕을 강조하는 보다 객관적 내용을 중심으로 기록했다. 추모기사는 ‘엄마’, ‘아빠’와 함께 ‘친구’, ‘세월호’, ‘단원고’, ‘수학여행’, ‘사고’, ‘학교’와 같은 세월호 사고와 사회관계적인 언어들을 많이 사용했다. 이 연구는 기억 행위자에 따라 어린 망자의 죽음이 어떻게 다르게 재현되고, 의미화 되는지를 이론적 관점에서 논의했다.

영어초록

This study examined the differences in the linguistic meaning between memorial letters from the bereaved family and a reporter's memorial stories. The object of analysis is a set of text recording the deaths of 119 students at Danwon High School in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, who died in the Sewol ferry sinking on April 16, 2014. Semantic network analysis was conducted to compare the content of the overall memory, and topic modeling analysis was performed to compare the differences between the selected words group. The findings show that the memorial letters of the bereaved family is about a mother's earnest “maternal love” – a longing to see the lost child even once in a dream, memories of the day-to-day experiences with her children, a father's helplessness in not being able to save her child from death, and the everyday pain that is difficult to bear along with the current situation of the family. It also shows the memorial letters mainly used family and emotion-oriented language such as ‘mom,’ ‘dad,’ ‘daughter,’ ‘son,’ ‘love,’ ‘sorry,’ and ‘happiness.’ In contrast, the reporter's memorial stories describe the deep loss of parents who have left their children forever, prayers for their children's safe return, personal talents and hopes for the future of their dead children, the final farewell scene with their children, and norms such as friendship and social service. Memorial stories by newspaper mainly use words related to social values or virtues as well as events and social relations such as ‘friend’, ‘Sewol ferry’, ‘Danwon High School’, ‘educational trip’, ‘accident’, and ‘school’ along with ‘mom’ and ‘dad’. Our study shows that the method of memory for death is different depending on the memory actor. The family's memorial letters emphasize the emotional and intrinsic relationship with the deceased, while the media's memorial stories emphasize the social and normative relationship of the deceased's death, showing a discriminatory method of memory. In addition, the family's memorial letter is intrinsically remembered in accordance with the emotional solidarity with the deceased, whereas the memorial record reproduced by the reporter is different in that it emphasizes external factors such as socially recognized and accepted spirit, attitude, and behavior. The difference between the memory of the bereaved family and the reporter can be explained by focusing on the relationship with the deceased. The study goes onto discuss the theoretical implications of how the deaths of young students are remembered (or recorded) according to the memory actors.

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