한국은 어떻게 자조주택을 변용했는가? : 완성주택 공급과 주택금융 도입을 중심으로 (How Korea Has Transformed Self-help Housing into Completed Housing?)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 대한국토·도시계획학회
· 수록지 정보 : 국토계획 / 55권 / 7호 / 73 ~ 87페이지
· 저자명 : 김태오

초록

본 연구는 다음 두 연구질문의 규명을 목적으로 한다. 첫째, 1950년대 자조주택 이론의 국내 도입 과정과 이후 그 영향력이 크지 못했던 이유의 규명이다. 둘째, 1970년대 세계은행 차관을 통해 추진된 ‘광주권 지역개발사업’에서 자조주택이 완성주택으로 대체된 배경의 규명이다.
본 연구의 연구방법은 기본적으로 문헌연구이다. 기존 연구성과물을 비롯한 각종 보고서, 간행물, 언론 보도자료, 국가기록원 정보공개 청구를 통해 확보한 행정기관 문건, 국사편찬위원회 정보 열람을 통해 확인한 사료 등 광범위한 문헌을 총망라한다. 연구의 시간적 범위는 미아리 난민정착사업이 이루어진1950년대부터 세계은행과 우리 정부가 광주권 지역개발사업을추진한 1970년대까지이다. 이후 제Ⅱ장에서는 자조주택의 태동과 국제적 확산과정을 살펴보고, 제Ⅲ장에서는 첫 번째 연구질문의 규명을 위해 자조주택 이론의 국내 도입 및 전개 과정을 분석한다. 제Ⅳ장에서는 1970년대 ‘광주권 지역개발사업’에서 자조주택이 토지 및 주택금융을 제공하는 완성주택으로 대체된 배경을규명함으로써 두 번째 연구질문의 답을 찾고, 마지막으로 연구결과 요약과 시사점을 제Ⅴ장에서 다루며 결론을 맺는다.

영어초록

This study aims to identify the ways in which self-help housing was introduced in Korea, its reasons for not having an impact in the country, and the background for its transformation into completed housing provided with housing financing in “The Secondary Cities Regional Project in Korea”, which was a part of the World Bank’s Sites and Services Project in the 1970s. According to this study, self-help housing in Korea was introduced in the Miari Assimilation Project, whose mechanism was similar to other international self-help housing projects. The Miari Assimilation Project, however, was a failure due to hasty construction and a lack of administrative capability, and self-help housing, which is constructed gradually in accordance with residents’ labor force and economic circumstances, was subsequently replaced by completed housing provided by the government. Meanwhile, in 1957, when the construction of the Miari Assimilation Project commenced, the media reported the government’s announcement to provide housing financing to build self-help housing, which has been linked with housing financing since the moment it was introduced. Although it became difficult to find self-help housing after this failure, housing financing was continuously used in other housing construction projects. Finally, although there were some differences depending on the period or project details, self-help housing in Korea in the 1960s was transformed such that completed housing was provided by the government and residents repaid the cost afterward. Although this transformation weakened the ideological nature of self-help housing, which emphasized residents’ autonomy, it laid a foundation for the Korean transformation of self-help housing, which is also observed in the Secondary Cities Regional Project.

참고자료

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