제주 4․3사건은 어떻게 기억되어 지는가?: ‘전통매체 유튜브’와 ‘개인매체 유튜브’ 콘텐츠 비교분석을 통해 (How is the Jeju 4·3 incident remembered?: Through a comparative analysis of “traditional media YouTube” and “individual media YouTube”)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국언론학회
· 수록지 정보 : 커뮤니케이션 이론 / 16권 / 4호 / 101 ~ 144페이지
· 저자명 : 이완수, 정용복, 신명환

초록

이 연구는 비극적 사건으로 남아 있는 제주 4․3사건에 대해 사회 공동체가 어떤 기억체계를 갖고 있는지 살펴보고자 했다. 이를 위해 연구자들은 구글(google) 유튜브에 탑재된 제주 4․3사건 스크립트 182개의 데이터를 미디어 프레임과 사회적 기억 이론을 적용해 다중응답 방식으로 내용 분석했다. 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 먼저 유튜브상에 나타난제주 4․3사건에 대한 기억방식은 주제적 기억 프레임이 일화적 기억 프레임 보다 많았다.제주 4․3사건에 대한 언론의 기억 프레임은 사건규정, 사건갈등, 사건원인, 도덕적 평가, 책임소재의 순으로 많이 언급됐다. 이에 반해 제주 4․3사건을 어떻게 문제 해결하는 것이 바람직한가에 대한 처방 제시는 상대적으로 적었다. 한편 언론의 기억 프레임을 구성하는 하부 프레임의 양상은 다음과 같다. 제주 4․3사건규정에 대한 언론의 하부 프레임은 양민학살이 가장 많았으며, 좌우이념갈등, 무장봉기, 자주독립운동 순으로 자주 언급됐다. 제주 4․3사건의 기억체계는 매체유형에 따라 차이가 있었다. 전통매체 유튜브는 제주 4․3사건의 원인과 책임을 이승만 정부의 공권력과 도덕성에서 찾는 반면에, 개인매체 유튜브는 친일세력, 좌우이념 대립, 미군정 개입차원에서 찾았다. 연구자들은 제주 4․3사건이 유튜브상에 어떤 기억 프레임으로 재현되는지를 살펴보고, 이것이 매체유형에 따라 어떤 차이로 재현되는지, 그리고 이런 기억체계가 후속 세대들의 역사적 기억에 어떻게 전이될 수 있는지를 중심으로 토론했다.

영어초록

This study analyzed the data of 182 Jeju 4·3 massacres incident scripts uploaded on Google YouTube by applying the media frame and social memory theory in a multiple coding method. The summary of the analysis results is as follows. First, the thematic memory frames were more than the episodic memory frames in the way of memory for the Jeju 4·3 incident on YouTube. The media's memory frame for the Jeju 4·3 incident was mentioned in the order of case regulation, incident conflict, cause of the incident, moral evaluation, and responsibility. On the other hand, there were relatively few suggestions on how to solve the problem of Jeju 4·3 incidents. Looking at the memory system of the Jeju 4·3 incidents by media attribute, the traditional media mentioned the responsibility frame, and the YouTube-type media mentioned the cause frame. On the other hand, the aspects of the sub-frame constituting the memory frame of the press are as follows. First, the sub-frame of the media regarding the Jeju 4·3 incident regulation was frequently mentioned in the order of massacre of the people, armed uprising, ideological conflict between left and right, and independence movement. In terms of media attributes, there was a difference by referring to armed uprisings in the case of traditional media and the frame of left-right ideological conflict in the case of YouTube. Second, the causes of the Jeju 4·3 incident were mentioned in the order of police overresponse, street demonstrations, corruption by bureaucrats, and the South Korean single election. In terms of media attributes, the corruption of bureaucrats were mentioned in the case of traditional media, and in the case of pure YouTube, the South Korean single election and the repression and tactics of the US military government were relatively mentioned. Third, the moral/ethical evaluation of the Jeju 4·3 incidents was mentioned in the order of massacre of the people, terrorism, retaliation and repression, and red flagging. By media attributes, traditional media mentions terrorism, and YouTube mentions retaliation and repression. Fourth, the problem-solving methods of the Jeju 4·3 incidents were mentioned in the order of investigation of the facts of the case, government apology, government compensation, apology for the perpetrator, and designation of the anniversary date. In terms of media attributes, government apology was mentioned in the case of traditional media, and YouTube was relatively more mentioned in the investigation of the case. Fifth, the subjects that caused the conflict over the Jeju 4·3 incidents were mentioned in the order of soldiers and police, the Syngman Rhee administration, the US military government, and the leftist forces. In terms of media attributes, the Syngman Rhee administration was mentioned relatively often in the case of traditional media, and the U.S. military administration in YouTube. Sixth, the responsibility for the Jeju 4·3 incidents was frequently mentioned in the order of Syngman Rhee's government, soldiers and police, the U.S. military government, and leftist forces. By media attribute, in the case of traditional media, soldiers, police, and YouTube mentioned the US military government and left-wing forces relatively more. Seventh, the point of time to emphasize the events of the Jeju 4·3 incidents was mentioned in the order of the past, present, and future. In terms of media attributes, there was no difference between traditional media and pure YouTube, focusing on past content. Eighth, spaces emphasizing the events of the Jeju 4·3 incidents were mentioned in the order of the entire Jeju Island, Hallasan, Jeokseong District, and Yeonmi Village. In terms of media attributes, Hallasan was mentioned in traditional media, and Yeonmi Village and the 4·3 Peace Memorial Hall were mentioned relatively often for pure YouTube. Researchers examined the memory frame of the Jeju 4·3 incident on YouTube and discussed how it can be transferred to the event memory of subsequent generations.

참고자료

· 없음