가정 말기 ‘새로운 왜구’의 등장과 명조 해방 정책의 변화 (The Advent of ‘New wokou’ at the End of the Jiajing Era and the Change of the Coastal Defense Policy of the Ming)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 동양사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 동양사학연구 / 149호 / 111 ~ 146페이지
· 저자명 : 채경수

초록

This research analyzed the activities of maritime groups which were based in Fujian and Guangdong littoral region and the countermeasure of the Ming court against them from the end of the Jiajing era to the Longqing era.
'The Jiajing wokou raids' has been widely used as a term that represents the character of later wokou. This term not only pointed out the essence of the situation well but also produced unignorable misunderstandings. The most serious misunderstanding is the concept that the later wokou was extinct at the end of the Jiajing era. According to this perspective, the extinction of Wang Zhi and Xu Hai was a milestone that notified the decisive decline of later wokou. The open-door policy of the Ming through the Moon harbor was also interpreted as a precaution for blocking the reoccurrence of similar problems after later wokou disappeared.
Many offical records of the Ming suggest quite different images from the current researches. Especially, the so-called ‘New wokou’, which were arisen around Fujian and Guangdong littoral region at the end of the Jiajing era, is the good example that shows the temporal rage of later wokou should be extended at least to the Lungqing era. As we can sense from their title-‘New wokou’, the Ming court perceived them whole new coastal security threats that were differentiated from ‘Old wokou’ which swarmed in Zhejiang littoral region.
Prolonged coastal security threats that originated from ‘New wokou’ gradually drained up the Ming’s available military resources. As a result, the Ming court started to procure requisite military resources for coastal security using different ways compare to before. The Ming court took a military risk that embraced some powerful maritime groups, and let them take important coastal defense roles while allowed them to maintain their own collective identities. This research called this measure taken by the Ming court as ‘the coastal defense outsourcing policy’.

영어초록

This research analyzed the activities of maritime groups which were based in Fujian and Guangdong littoral region and the countermeasure of the Ming court against them from the end of the Jiajing era to the Longqing era.
'The Jiajing wokou raids' has been widely used as a term that represents the character of later wokou. This term not only pointed out the essence of the situation well but also produced unignorable misunderstandings. The most serious misunderstanding is the concept that the later wokou was extinct at the end of the Jiajing era. According to this perspective, the extinction of Wang Zhi and Xu Hai was a milestone that notified the decisive decline of later wokou. The open-door policy of the Ming through the Moon harbor was also interpreted as a precaution for blocking the reoccurrence of similar problems after later wokou disappeared.
Many offical records of the Ming suggest quite different images from the current researches. Especially, the so-called ‘New wokou’, which were arisen around Fujian and Guangdong littoral region at the end of the Jiajing era, is the good example that shows the temporal rage of later wokou should be extended at least to the Lungqing era. As we can sense from their title-‘New wokou’, the Ming court perceived them whole new coastal security threats that were differentiated from ‘Old wokou’ which swarmed in Zhejiang littoral region.
Prolonged coastal security threats that originated from ‘New wokou’ gradually drained up the Ming’s available military resources. As a result, the Ming court started to procure requisite military resources for coastal security using different ways compare to before. The Ming court took a military risk that embraced some powerful maritime groups, and let them take important coastal defense roles while allowed them to maintain their own collective identities. This research called this measure taken by the Ming court as ‘the coastal defense outsourcing policy’.

참고자료

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