기업가의 사업실패스트레스와 사업의욕에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Failure-Stress of Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurial Intention)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국중소기업학회
· 수록지 정보 : 중소기업연구 / 32권 / 1호 / 21 ~ 41페이지
· 저자명 : 하규수, 한정화

초록

본 논문은 사업실패로 인한 사업종결을 할 경우 기업인들이 부담하는 비용의 종류와 내용을 파악하고자 한다. 또한 사업실패 부담에 대하여 기업가들이 인지하는 스트레스와의 관계를 알아보고 사업실패 스트레스와 사업 의욕과의 관계를 파악해 보고자 하는 것이 연구의 주요 내용이다.
본 연구결과 기업이 실패할 경우에 기업인이 부담하는 재무적 비용에는 사업 투자자금 손실, 신용보증기금 등 보증 자금 손실, 그리고 차입금 손실에 대한 비용으로 나타났으며, 비재무적 비용은 경력손실, 가족과 관련된 손실, 사회적 손실, 그리고 명예 및 자존감 상실에 대한 손실로 분류되었다. 실패기업 처리 시스템은 실패기업 처리시장, 실패기업 처리제도, 실패기업 처리 비용으로 분류되었다.
그 결과 재무적 비용 중에서 차입금은 사업 의욕에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 비재무적 비용은 모두 사업 의욕에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 실패기업 처리 시장의 비효율은 사업 의욕에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 심리적 스트레스와 사업중단 스트레스는 사업 의욕에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 실패경험이 있는 사람이 사업실패 중단 스트레스가 높을수록 사업 의욕이 더 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다.
이러한 결과는 기존에는 창업 의욕이나 사업 의욕을 높이기 위하여 정부정책이나 교육이 재무적인 지원에 초점을 둔 경우가 많았는데, 본 연구에 의하면 가족과 사회의 인식뿐만 아니라 명예 및 자존감의 고취 없이는 적극적인 사업 의욕을 기대하기 어렵다는 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다.
그러므로 우리나라에서 기업 활성화와 창업 활성화 등의 대책을 강구할 때에 기업가 가족들의 입지 불안감을 감소시킬 수 있는 방안 등이 포함되어야 긍정적인 효과를 볼 수 있다는 시사점을 얻을 수 있겠다.

영어초록

Every business has risks of failure. Whatever the reason might be when a business fails, the entrepreneur who runs the business will take burdens of losing financial loss and non-financial loss. There have been many studies that have analyzed and explained the reasons of business failure. However, there were few studies that handled the costs of business failure of entrepreneurs in the case of business failure. The costs that the entrepreneurs should take could be different country by country. Because of the bankruptcy treatment-system, social recognition on business failure and business or cultural tradition on business, each country has different view on failed businessmen and has different treatment-system on failed business.
Korea is notorious for having harsh treatment systems on failed businessmen. Therefore, usually even though young people who have great business potentials are hesitating starting their business because of the costs of the business failure. In Korea, at the early stage of the business usually the relative shares of the entrepreneurs in the business have been very high. In these situations when the business fails, the costs of business failure are supposed to belong to the entrepreneurs. Therefore, in Korea, once the business fails, almost always the entrepreneurs are captured with the failed business. And it is not easy for the entrepreneurs to get away form the disasters of the business failure. The entrepreneurs who were involved the failed business should take all kinds of risks and burdens of the company failure. Those burdens are not limited in monetary and economic loss but expanded to non-economic loss such as family relations, social reputation and honors.
In those situations it is very difficult for the entrepreneurs to do business or to encourage young people to start their business in Korea. Entrepreneurs who run their business in Korea always have been worrying about various kinds of failure risks and have heavy psychological burdens. Those worries and burdens can be serious pressure on entrepreneurs who run their business in Korea. For example when corporations borrow some money form a bank for the business needs, almost always the bank asks the entrepreneurs to co-sign on the loan of the corporation. If the corporation fails the business and default on the loans of the bank, the bank asks the entrepreneurs to pay the debt of the corporation. Therefore it is very tough for the entrepreneurs to start their business or to stop their business. Furthermore it is also hard for the young potential entrepreneurs to expect to start their business because of the heavy burdens of the business failure.
Another burdens of the entrepreneurs are the heavy risks of social and family relations in the case of the business failure in Korea. Even though the economy of Korea has been dramatically grown last three decades, the stigma for the business failure has not been lessened that much. Therefore most people are hesitating to recommend their close friend or family to do business in Korea because of the failure risks.
The other risks of the business failure are come form the inefficient treatment system for failed business. The markets for the failed business are not big or mature. Once a business goes wrong, it is not easy to sell the business and to get some money from the failed business. Therefore almost always the entrepreneurs who failed in the business lose more money than their failure. Also the laws and regulations for the failed business are not friendly to the failed entrepreneurs and make the failed entrepreneurs difficult to get away from it. Furthermore because of the black-record of financial institutions and the burden of the legal responsibilities of the entrepreneurs for the loan-guarantee of the corporation debt, it is no easy for the entrepreneurs to restart their business again or do something in other business sectors. The services of CPAs, lawyers or consultants are not normal in Korea and entrepreneurs recognize that the costs for the treatment of the failed business are expensive. Therefore it was necessary to review the issues related the treatment systems of failed business.
The main purpose of this paper was to figure out what kinds of the costs or risks the entrepreneurs would take when a business goes wrong and what were the main burdens of the entrepreneurs in the case of business failure. The questions in this study were composed of three sections. Independent variables were financial costs, non-financial costs, and the inefficiency costs of the bankruptcy-treatment systems. Parameter variables were related psychological stress that is related on the business failure. Dependent variables were related on the entrepreneurial intention on business. In this study, the stress is defined as negative psychological burdens or emotional burdens that could be caused by the business failure.
All the samples were collected from entrepreneurs. And sample numbers used in this research were 247. Among them 139 samples were collected from entrepreneurs who had no past failure experience and 108 samples been collected from entrepreneurs who had past failure experience. 53.4% of the respondents were more than or equal to age 46 and 41.7% of the respondents were less than or equal to age 31 to 45. Among the respondents the entrepreneurs who had employees more than 10 were 20.6%, less than 5 t0 10 were 20.7% and less than 5 or family based employees were 29.5%.
The results of the study are as follows. Among financial factors the debt from financial institutions had negative effect on entrepreneurial intention. All non-financial factors had negative effect on entrepreneurial intention. Especially non-financial factors such as social and family relations and consideration on reputation were relatively important for the entrepreneurs' stress and affect strongly on the entrepreneurial intention. Among the treatment systems of failed business the inefficient market system had negative effect on entrepreneurial intention. The entrepreneurs who had failure experience before had higher business failure stress than the entrepreneurs who had no business failure experience.
In the past government policy for entrepreneurship or entrepreneurial intention had been focused on the entrepreneurial education or financial supports. However according to the results of this study the more important factors for entrepreneurship or entrepreneurial intentions are non-financial factors such as career risks, family risks, and social reputation risks.
Therefore, to enhance entrepreneurship, government policies for entrepreneurship should be changed to find various ways of decreasing non-financial risks. By changing government policy and decreasing financial and non-financial entrepreneurial risks, entrepreneurial intention can be improved and can expect many great new entrepreneurs to dream of starting their business possibilities.

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