신라 진지왕 폐위에 관한 재검토 (A Review of the Dethronement of King Jinji of Shilla - Concerning the Principle of Royal Succession in the Early Shilla)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 온지학회
· 수록지 정보 : 온지논총 / 55호 / 267 ~ 294페이지
· 저자명 : 박미선

초록

신라에서 폐위된 유일한 왕이 진지왕이다. 『삼국사기』에는 재위 4년 만에 사망했다고 하고, 『삼국유사』에서는 국인에 의해 폐위된 후 사망했다고 하였다. 기존 연구에서는 진지왕의 폐위를 역사적 사실로 받아들이고 있는데, 본 논문에서는 『삼국사기』 기록에 의거하여 진지왕이 폐위되지 않았을 경우를 상정하고 왕위계승의 원리 속에서 그 타당성을 검토해 보았다.
진흥왕계의 왕위계승과 비슷한 양상을 보이는 벌휴왕계를 분석해 본 결과, 왕위계승의 기본 원리는 적자계승이며, 적자가 어리거나 없을 경우 차자, 동생, 사위 등에게 왕위계승권이 주어졌다. 이 경우 세대계승의 원리가 일부 작용한 것으로 이사금의 유래에서 보듯이 연장자 우대에 기초한 것이었다. 이를 진흥왕계에 적용시켜 보면, 태자 동륜의 사망 후 적손 백정(진평왕)이 어렸으므로, 차자였던 진지왕이 즉위하였다. 진지왕 이후에는 백정이 왕위에 오를 수 있는 연령이 되었기에 즉위하였다.
한편 진평왕은 즉위 후 두 동생을 갈문왕에 봉하여 왕위계승 범위를 동륜계로 한정하였고, 진지왕의 아들 용수를 첫째 덕만이 아닌 둘째 천명과 혼인시켜 진지왕계를 왕위계승에서 배제하였다. 그러나 진평왕도 두 동생도 아들이 없었기 때문에 진평왕은 적자계승의 원리에 따라 첫째 덕만을 후계자로 지목하였고, 최초의 여왕이 탄생하였다. 진종설, 성골 등은 동륜계를 신성시하는 작업이자 선덕여왕에 대한 정당화·신성화였다. 결국 중고기는 적자계승을 지향하지만 세대계승의 원리도 일부 작용하는 과정에서 적자계승을 강화하고자 근친혼을 실시하였지만, 그 결과는 성골남진으로 중고기가 막을 내리게 되었다.

영어초록

King Jinji is the only king dethroned in Shilla. SamgukSagi says that he died in the 4th year of his reign, while Samgukyusa says that he died after he was dethroned by nobles. Previous studies take his dethronement as true. This paper assumed based on SamgukSagi that he had not been dethroned, and tried examining the validity of that assumption through a principle of royal succession.
According to the result of an analysis of the lineage of King Byolhyu where the royal succession was done in a similar fashion to the lineage of King Jinheung, the basic principle of royal succession was that it should be done according to father-to-son succession, and when the legitimate son was young or there was no legitimate son, the right of succession was given to the second son, a younger brother of the second son, or the son-in-law. In this case, the principle of inheritance within generation was partially applied, the principle based on special treatment for the elderly, as you can see in the origin of Isageum. If this applies to the lineage of King Jinheung, legitimate grandson Baekjeong (King Jinpyeong) was young after the death of crown prince Dongryun, and therefore the second son King Jinji came to throne. After the death of King Jinji, Baekjeong came to throne, as he reached the age at which he could come to throne.
Meanwhile, after King Jinpyeong came to throne, he granted the title of Galmunwang, which would be granted to very high-ranking personages in early Silla, to his two younger brothers. By doing so, the royal succession was limited to the lineage of Dongryun. In addition, he excluded the lineage of King Jinji from royal succession by marrying his son Yongsu to his second daughter. But since not only King Jinpyeong but also his two younger brothers had no sons, he designated his first child Deokman as his successor according to father-to-son succession, and she became the first Queen of Silla. Jinjongseol (眞種說, meaning "the real tribe of Buddha") and Seong-gol (the saint class) were the sanctification of the lineage of Dongryun, and were the justification and consecration of Queen Seondeok. The mid-ancient period aimed for father-to-son succession. But inheritance within generation partially acted as well, and in that process the period ended up implementing intermarriage to strengthen father-to-son succession. And the period came to an end with the extinction of Seong-gol.

참고자료

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