南宋時期的官學教育問題與朱熹的對策

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 부산대학교 중국전략연구소
· 수록지 정보 : Journal of China Studies / 25권 / 1호 / 57 ~ 75페이지
· 저자명 : 王红娟, 袁臻

초록

Zhu Xi is a great educator and philosopher in the Southern Song Dynasty. In addition, as a master of neo-Confucianism, he made great contributions to its development. Up to now, the academic researches on him are still very active, but most of them are purely philosophical. And almost all the practical researches on Zhu Xi are based on solving specific social problems, and there is no systematic study of solutions put forward by Zhu Xi for the official education in the Southern Song Dynasty. The education problems of the Southern Song Dynasty were mainly as follows: first, the decline of the central and local official education was caused by frequent wars and the incompetence of the government. In addition, scholars' pursuit of imperial examination fame distorted the purpose of learning and led to the utilitarian. Furthermore, there were deficiencies in official textbooks, lacking authoritative and systematic teaching materials. In view of these problems, Zhu Xi first actively revitalized the academy education and made such academies become important supplements to the official schools. In the next place, Zhu Xi defined the purpose of learning for all scholars. It meant that educational purpose was to improve personal cultivation, manage the family, govern the country, appease the common people through "clarifying human relations", and finally become the "saints". Thirdly, Zhu Xi devoted his lifetime to the study of Confucianism, made new explanatory notes to the Confucian classics of the Pre-Qin Dynasty in line with the requirements of the Southern Song Dynasty, which systematized the teaching materials of neo-Confucianism as the official teaching materials of later generations. In conclusion, Zhu Xi not only made great contributions to the education in the Southern Song Dynasty, but also had a far-reaching influence in the following dynasty. The educational problems in the Southern Song Dynasty still exist in the current society of China. For example, the public education fails to meet all learning needs, entering a higher school and employment are seen as learning purposes producing utilitarianism, people do not pay enough attention to traditional culture and education. By investigating the educational problems in the Southern Song Dynasty and the solutions put forward by Zhu Xi, this paper discusses the enlightenments of Zhu Xi's educational countermeasures for the improvement of school education methods s nowadays, the reconstruction of educational purposes and the inheritance of traditional culture, so as to explore a new direction.

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