베트남진출 중소제조업의 성장전략에 관한 연구 : (주)신라 인 코리아 사례를 중심으로 (A Study on the Small and Medium Manufacture Company’s Growth Strategies for Penetrate into Vietnam : The Case of Shin-La In Korea)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국중소기업학회
· 수록지 정보 : 중소기업연구 / 34권 / 4호 / 57 ~ 74페이지
· 저자명 : 이윤보, 유왕진, 이종욱, 이동주, 정희철

초록

베트남은 한국의 중요한 투자지역의 하나이며 특히, 노동집약적 경공업과 성장하는 내수시장을 지향한 부동산, 지역개발, 소재산업의 투자 또한 활발하다. 베트남 시장은 우리나라의 입장에서 볼 때 한류시장, 무역흑자시장, 임가공시장의 특성을 가지고 있으며, 우리나라 중소기업의 국내소비시장 위축에 따라 해외진출의 중요한 거점이 되고 있는 시장이다.
이에 본 연구에서는 베트남 진출기업인 ㈜신라 인 코리아의 사례분석을 통해 기업의 강약점을 파악하고, 베트남의 기업 환경에 대한 이해를 통해 SWOT 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 SO 경영전략으로는 우수한 원천기술 및 개발경험모델을 활용한 내수시장 선점전략과 시장 및 제품다각화 전략의 추진, 베트남의 풍부한 천연자원과 우수한 노동력을 활용한 노동생산성 향상을 통한 지속적인 경쟁우위전략추구, 우호적인 노조관계 활성화를 통한 지속적 인프라 확충 등을 들 수 있다.
ST 전략으로는 원만한 노조관계의 지속적 유지를 통한 현지인의 고용창출 및 이직문제의 감소, 우수한 생산관리 및 노동생산성 향상을 통한 인건비 및 물류비 상승보완, 원천기술우위를 활용한 베트남 내 경영환경 악화 극복 방안 등을 들 수 있다.
OW 전략으로는 베트남 정부가 추진 중인 쇄신정책 및 시장경제체제의 가속화에 대비한 베트남 관련 정보획득, 언어습득 및 투자지역선택에 대한 철저한 검토가 요구되며, 한-베트남 간 교역추이 증가에 따른 직접투자리스크 발생의 최소화 방안이 필요하다.
TW 전략으로는 원자재 확보문제 개선을 통한 인건비/물류비 상승문제를 보완하고, 사내 기술 인력에 대한 자체육성 방안과 복지제도 및 고충처리 해소를 통한 우수한 현지인 고용에 따른 문제를 개선하는 것 등이 요구된다.

영어초록

Recently the trend of world economy is making a transition from the regional economy to the global economy. This means that the enterprises of world are rushed into the era of the limitless competition through “the principle of the survival of the fittest.”Now world economy is changing into one economy block over the border in the effect of free transfer of production element, the relaxation of tax․xtax-free barrier and the activity of global enterprises.
Therefore world trade is shifting from the simple type exporting domestic goods on foreign market the global type exporting the goods produced in the predominant region without division of domestic and foreign producing center into international market. To meet rapidly the needs of these environment transition, domestic enterprises should construct global management system which can produce and supply the goods meeting the needs of internationally various consumers through the optimal distribution of the limited management resources with the view of globalization.
Since 1980s, our country are faced with the limit of export-centered policy, because our major trading partner such as USA strengthened the import restrictions and weakened rapidly comparative advantage as the producing center. To cope with these environmental change, since the end of 1980s, our country initiated the globalization strategy of ‘overseas production → overseas sales’ by an overseas direct investment breaking from exported-centered globalization strategy of ‘domestic production → overseas sales.'To cope actively with changes in the domestic management environment and the international economic environment, many medium and small companies are planning the advance into other countries or already did. In this overseas expansion of medium/small companies, China was the main target in the past ,but recently the advance to Vietnam is booming in the concept to China Plus One. This trend has been accelerated since there-establishment of diplomatic relationship with Vietnamin 1992. Investment into Vietnam, for its part, was concentrated in the materials industry such as textiles and clothing. Over half of Korean investment into each country goes into the manufacturing sector: the majority of investments into Vietnam is received by primary metals and textiles industries. The investment size to Vietnam creased 5times in latest 5years, and thus Vietnam has become the most preferable country of Korean companies.
But, the studies on the Korean companies in Vietnam are so scarce that the companies planning the advance into Vietnam or already advanced companies are suffering many difficulties in establishing the management strategy.
Vietnam’s economic freedom score is 51.3, making its economy the 136th freest in the 2012 Index. Its score is 0.3 point worse than last year, with a notable improvement in trade freedom counterbalanced by lower scores in government spending and monetary freedom. Vietnam is ranked 29th out of 41 countries in the Asia-Pacific region, and its overall score is lower than the world and regional averages.
The Vietnamese economy has registered annual growth rates averaging about 7 percent over the past five years. Capitalizing on its gradual integration into the global trade and investment system, the economy has been transforming itself into a more market-oriented economy. Reforms have included partial privatization of state-owned enterprises, liberalization of the trade regime, and increasing recognition of private property rights.
Nonetheless, institutional weaknesses undermine prospects for more sustained long-term economic development. The foundations of economic freedom remain fragile due to corruption and an inefficient judicial system that is vulnerable to political interference. The regulatory efficiency needed to develop a more dynamic entrepreneurial private sector has not been established.
Since the early 2000s, Vietnam has applied sequenced trade liberalisation, a two-track approach opening some sectors of the economy to international markets while protecting others. In July 2006, Vietnam updated its intellectual property legislation to comply with TRIPS, and it became a member of the WTO on 11 January 2007. Vietnam is now one of Asia's most open economies : two-way trade was valued at around 160% of GDP in 2006, more than twice the contemporary ratio for China and over four times the ratio for India. Vietnam's chief trading partners include China, Japan, Australia, the ASEAN countries, the United States and Western Europe. In 2011, Vietnam's total international trade, including both exports and imports, was valued at approximately $200 billion.
As a result of several land reform measures, Vietnam has become a major exporter of agricultural products. It is now the world's largest producer of cashew nuts, with a one-third global share; the largest producer of black pepper, accounting for one-third of the world's market; and the second-largest rice exporter in the world, after Thailand. Vietnam has the highest proportion of land use for permanent crops -6.93%- of any nation in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Other primary exports include coffee, tea, rubber, and fishery products. However, agriculture's share of Vietnam's GDP has fallen in recent decades, declining from 42% in 1989 to 20% in 2006, as production in other sectors of the economy has risen.
The study is proposed a SWOT analysis method for the identification of environmental information and key environmental aspects. SWOT analysis is frequent used to simple methodology to choose marketing strategy in the enterprise. Also, SWOT analysis method is quick, accurate, and cheap thing. It discovers strength and weakness in the internal of the enterprise, and discovers opportunity and treatness in the outside of the enterprise. Next, opportunity is increased, Weakness is grows, opportunity apply for, and threat is avoid.
SWOT analysis of Shin-La In Korea results were as follows :First, S-O strategy is to promote market diversification and preemption strategy through favorable market awareness and product innovation capabilities. Second, S-T strategy is to overcome the rising labor costs and logistics utilizing logistics synergies. Third, O-W strategy is to expand the domestic market and export market needs through production efficiency and cost reduction. Fourth, T-W strategy is to carve out hird-country export market through the company's marketing capabilities.
Through these management tasks and countermeasures of Korean companies in Vietnam, the management strategies for the future advance into Vietnam were suggested for companies and government as follows:As the strategy for companies, the thorough provision and experience accumulation, the construction of effective communication channels and upbringing of middle managers, the construction of quality system in the company level, the enhancement of local procurement of raw materials, the promotion of localization strategy, and the execution of social responsibility to Vietnamese should be carried out to elevate the success probability.
This study is expected to be used as a basic data for small and medium companies planning the advance into Vietnam inclearly determining the advance purpose into Vietnaman the future direction of company.

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