헤이그국제부양청구협약에 있어서 외국부양결정의 승인 및 집행에 관한 해석론적 고찰 (An Analytical Review on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Decisions relating to Maintenance in the Hague Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Ma)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국국제사법학회
· 수록지 정보 : 국제사법연구 / 24권 / 1호 / 203 ~ 271페이지
· 저자명 : 이병화

초록

오늘날 우리나라를 비롯하여 전 세계적으로 국제적 혼인 및 이혼이 증가함에 따라 섭외적 요소를 지닌 아동의 양육비지급청구사건이나 국제적 부양료청구사건과 같은 다양하고도 복잡한 섭외가사사건들이 점차 빈번해질 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 현재로서는 국제적 부양문제와 관련된 국제협약들 가운데 비교적 최근에 발효된 가장 유력하고도 포괄적인 협약인 헤이그국제부양청구협약에의 가입가능성을 깊이 있게 논의해보는 작업이 매우 의미 있고 시급하다고 할 것이다.
특히 본고에서는 헤이그국제부양청구협약에 있어서 외국부양결정의 승인 및 집행에 관하여 해석론적으로 살펴보고 있다. 우선 헤이그국제부양청구협약의 배경, 의의, 목적, 적용범위, 구성, 개요 등 개괄적인 검토를 하고 있다. 그 다음으로 동 협약상 외국부양결정의 승인 및 집행에 관하여 구체적인 내용을 다루고 있다. 즉 승인 및 집행의 적용범위와 원인, 가분성과 부분적 승인/집행, 승인 및 집행의 거부사유, 신청절차, 신청의 대체적 절차, 신청문서를 비롯하여 승인을 위한 신청절차, 사실인정, 본안재심사 금지, 아동/신청인의 물리적 현존 불요구, 부양료조정, 잠정명령/확정명령의 결합된 효과에 의해 형성된 결정, 피제소국에 의한 강제집행 등에 관하여 해석론적으로 고찰하고 있다. 끝으로 우리나라의 현행법상 외국부양결정의 승인 및 집행에 관한 문제를 비교법적으로 분석하고 있다. 즉 외국재판의 승인에 관한 민사소송법 규정과 외국재판의 강제집행 및 집행판결에 관한 민사집행법 규정을 외국부양결정의 승인 및 집행에 적용할 수 있도록 각각 재해석하고, 헤이그국제부양청구협약과의 관계를 정리해보고 있다.
실제로 국제적 부양문제가 발생하고 국가들 간에 각기 다른 법체계가 충돌하는 현상황에서 체약국 기관 간에 포괄적인 협력체계를 갖추고, 부양결정의 확립을 위한 유용한 신청규정을 만들며, 부양결정의 승인 및 집행을 위해 규정하고, 부양결정의 즉각적인 집행을 위한 효율적인 수단을 요구함으로써 아동양육 및 다른 형태의 가족부양에 대한 효과적인 국제적 청구를 보장하려는 헤이그국제부양청구협약의 본래적 목적을 심도 있게 되새겨볼 필요가 있다고 생각한다.
현재 우리나라는 외국재판의 승인 및 집행에 관하여 민사소송법과 민사집행법상 일반적 규정만을 두고 있는 상태이므로, 국제적 부양문제가 발생하는 경우에는 특히 외국부양결정의 승인 및 집행과 관련하여 볼 때 구체적인 사안에 있어서 그 해석 및 적용상 극히 어려운 처지에 놓이게 될 우려가 있다. 따라서 본고에서 다룬 외국부양결정의 승인 및 집행에 관한 해석론적 고찰을 통해 헤이그국제부양청구협약에의 가입가능성 및 필요성을 보다 더 절실하게 재인식하는 기회로 삼아야 할 것이다.

영어초록

According to the recent rise in international marriage and divorce around the globe including our country, the diverse and complex international family cases such as the maintenance payments order case in the child of having a foreign element or as the international support fee claim case are expected to be gradually frequent. Hence, it will be very significant and imminent just now in the work of trying to deeply discuss the possibility of joining ‘Hague Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance,’ which is the most influential and comprehensive agreement of having come into effect relatively these days among international treaties related to global support issues.
Especially, this study is being analytically examined about the recognition and enforcement of foreign decisions relating to maintenance in the Hague Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance. First of all, a general review is being made such as background, significance, objective, application scope, composition and overview in the Hague Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance. Sequentially, the specific contents are being addressed in relation to the recognition and enforcement of foreign decisions relating to maintenance pertinent to the same convention. In other words, it is being analytically considered the procedure on an application for recognition, the findings of fact, no review of the merits, the physical presence of the child or the applicant not required, the maintenance arrangements, the decisions produced by the combined effect of provisional and confirmation orders, the enforcement by the state addressed including the scope & bases of recognition and enforcement, the severability, partial recognition & enforcement, the grounds for refusing recognition and enforcement, the procedure on an application, the alternative procedure on an application, and the application documents. Finally, it is being comparatively analyzed the issues on the recognition and enforcement of foreign decisions relating to maintenance in light of our country’s current law. That is to say, it is being reinterpreted the possibility of its application to the recognition and enforcement of foreign decisions relating to maintenance, respectively, in the Code of Civil Procedure Rules pertinent to the recognition of foreign court and the Code of Civil Procedure Rules pertinent to compulsory execution and judgment execution in foreign court, and is being arranged the relationship with the Hague Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance.
It is thought to be necessarily mediated deeply on the original objective of the Hague Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance, which tries to guarantee the effective international claims for the child support and the family support in other forms through having the comprehensive cooperation system between treaty-state institutions, through making the useful application code for establishing decisions on support, through regulating for the recognition and enforcement of decisions relating to maintenance, and through demanding an efficient method for the immediate enforcement of decisions relating to maintenance in the actually current situation of being happened an international maintenance issue and of being collided each different law system among countries.
Our country is now in the status of having only general provisions in light of the Civil Procedure Act and the Civil Execution Act pertinent to the recognition and enforcement of foreign court. Thus, there is a concern about coming to be placed in an extremely difficult situation relevant to its interpretation and application in a case of being occurred an international maintenance issue and in a specific issue especially when considering in relation to the recognition and enforcement of foreign decisions relating to maintenance. Therefore, there will be a need to have it as an opportunity of newly understanding more desperately the possibility and necessity of joining the Hague Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance through the analytical consideration on the recognition and enforcement of foreign decisions relating to maintenance that this study addressed.

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