루스까야 아메리카 매매의 자연지리적, 사회적, 정치/경제적 요소 (Geographical, social, political and economic elements of Ruskaya America trade)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국세계문화사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 세계 역사와 문화 연구 / 48호 / 209 ~ 240페이지
· 저자명 : 김정훈

초록

본 연구는 21세기 국제 사회의 관심이 고조되고 있는 북극권 지역 중 역사의 흐름 속에서 러시아제국에서 미합중국으로 영유권이 양도된 알래스카에 대한 고찰로써 그 역사적 배경과 양도의 이유를 분석함으로써 연구지역에 대한 종합적 이해를 정립하고자 하는 목표를 가지고 있다.
제정 러시아 중앙정부와는 원거리에 위치하고 있었던 루스까야 아메리카의 매매과정에 나타난 자연지리적, 사회적, 정치/경제적 요소, 특히 러시아의 ‘폴리타리즘(Politarism)’에 대한 연구과정은 행위주체의 행위변수, 즉 역사 및 사회적 환경에 보다 많은 관심이 필요하다는 전제하에 이루어졌다. 보수적이며 후진적인 러시아제국의 ‘폴리타리즘’은 19세기 중엽 급진적으로 발전하고 있는 자본주의의 강습에 결국 두 손을 들 수밖에 없었으며, 알래스카의 근본적 요인으로 작용했다. 본토와 식민지에서의 ‘폴리타리즘’의 지배현상은 황실정부로 하여금 비극적 결말, 즉 루스까야 아메리카의 미국으로의 양도현상으로 귀결됐다. 즉 루스까야 아메리카 매매의 이유에 있어서 러시아제국의 ‘폴리타리즘’ 성격을 정확하게 파악하고 분석하는 작업은 매매이유의 다양한 요인을 종합적으로 이해하는데 있어 적합한 연구방법이 될 것이다.

영어초록

This study aims to establish a comprehensive understanding of the Arctic region by examining the historical background and reason for the transfer of the sovereignty from the Russian Empire to the United States of America in the course of the history of the Arctic region where the interest of the international society is rising in the 21st century.
First, the historical background and current status of the formation and disappearance of 'Alaska, Russian America' were analyzed, and then the historical and social causes and backgrounds of the reasons for 'trading' were investigated. The process of studying natural geography, social and political / economic factors, especially in Russia's 'Politarism', which appeared in the process of buying and selling Russian America, located at a distance from the central government was conducted under the premise of the need for more attention to the social environment. Polyturism, which is based on the Greek term 'Politea', means a social system or stage in which the state dominates the supreme ownership of the fundamental means of production and of the individual who is the direct producer.
In the case of Czarist Russia, the political and economic structure and the social situation are highly likely to be determined according to the behavior patterns of the actors, and the loss of Russian America was also achieved in this trend. The conservative and backward 'polytism' of the Russian Empire eventually succumbed to the radical development of capitalism in the mid-nineteenth century, and served as a fundamental factor in Alaska. The domination of 'polytarism' in the mainland and in the colonies resulted in the tragic ending of the government of the Imperial Court, that is to say the transfer of Russian America to the United States.
In other words, the precise identification and analysis of the characteristics of the 'polytism' of the Russian empire in the respect of the Russian America trade is based on various factors (natural geography, political/social/economic & international situation and geopolitical factors). This will be an appropriate research method for understanding. Therefore, this research methodology will provide an academic basis for analyzing the causes and effects of historical events in Alaska.
In addition, this paper is expected to serve as an academic basis for understanding the specificity and universality of the region that may appear the development process and thereafter. Unfortunately, there is little historical and social analysis or research on Alaska in Korea. Therefore, I hope that this research will serve as a foundation for the study of humanities and social sciences in Korea, and at the same time it will play an important role in creating an atmosphere for the study on Alaska.(Paichai University)

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