일본의 산업재해 예방과 행정조직 및 책무 (Administrative Organization and its Obligation for Industrial Accident Prevent in Japan)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 동아대학교 법학연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 동아법학 / 103호 / 169 ~ 200페이지
· 저자명 : 송안미

초록

현대 사회에서 재해를 고찰해 볼 때 산업사회에서 발생하는 산업재해(industrial accident), 태풍ㆍ홍수ㆍ가뭄ㆍ산사태ㆍ해일ㆍ지진 등의 자연재해(natural disaster) 또는 천재지변과 화재ㆍ전염병 등과 같은 인위적인 요인에 의한 경우가 많은 재해 등을 상정해 볼 수 있다. 이러한 관점에서 일본의 재해 예방 등을 위한 행정조직 및 그 역할을 보고자 하는 경우에 산업재해 예방 등을 담당하는 중앙정부로서 후생노동성(厚生労働省)을 들 수 있을 것이고, 지진 등의 자연재해 예방 등을 담당하는 기관으로는 다양한 책임주체가 존재하고 있는데 재해대책기본법(災害対策基本法)상으로는 국가ㆍ도도부현ㆍ시정촌(市町村)이 그 중심이 있다고 볼 수 있다. 이들 재해 예방과 관련한 법률로서는 전자의 경우 노동안전위생법(労働安衛生法), 후자의 경우 재해대책기본법을 각각 들 수 있다.
본 고는 재해예방 가운데 산업재해 예방 등과 관련한 일본의 행정조직 및 그 역할을 보고자 하는 것을 목적으로 산업재해 예방에 대응한 일본의 행정조직과 그 역할을 살펴보았다.

영어초록

First, Each Prefecture or Metropolis has a Labor Bureau under the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Furthermore each Labor Bureau has a Labor Standards Inspector Police, most Labor Inspectors belong to the Police, and they carry out supervision activities to prevent industrial accident.
Second, these administrative organizations clarify their responsibilities at each stage.
Third, the basic legislation related to industrial accident prevention is the Labor Safety and Health Act. This corresponds to Korea's Industrial Safety and Health Act, and its contents can be said to be similar to ours. Furthermore, it is similar to the role of Labor Inspectors in Korea in that the person who performs the role to prevent industrial accident is a supervisor.
Forth, it is to improve fairness in the proctor recruitment exam. Looking at the hiring process for supervisors, unlike our country, they are selected through a separate national civil service exam. They are allowed to take tests separately into law, liberal arts, and science and engineering fields, giving equal opportunities to applicants for supervisory work and civil service employment. This can be clearly seen in the fact that there is no difference in the actual work performed after hiring.
Fifth, this is a discussion on entrusting supervisory work to the private sector. 2017.3.9. A private utilization TF was established, and a plan to entrust regular supervision work to a private business employing a Social Insurance Labor Affair Attorney was considered, but this did not lead to realization. According to ILO Convention No. 81 and the Labor Standards Act, the direction of supervision work is set by the state. However, since it cannot be concluded that these discussions are realistically meaningless from the perspective of saving national finances, etc., it seems necessary to monitor the progress of the discussions.
Finally, in labor supervision, in supervision, small business owners are encouraged to make efforts to comply with the law rather than strictly enforce the law. Because small and medium-sized business owners have relatively limited financial capabilities. This supervisory system operation policy has significant implications for us as well.

참고자료

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