서남해 도서지역 민가의 근대성 연구 (A Study on the Modernity of Folk House in Southwestern Islands of South Korea)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 대한건축학회지회연합회
· 수록지 정보 : 대한건축학회연합논문집 / 17권 / 3호 / 63 ~ 71페이지
· 저자명 : 김지민

초록

본 연구의 목적은 서남해도서지역의 근대민가 연구를 통해 건축 및 주거사의 특징을 고찰하려는데 있다.
본 연구에 직접적으로 활용한 근대 민가는 모두 21채이며 이들의 건립 시기는 주로 1900년대 초중반이다.
본 연구의 핵심을 정리하면 다음과 같다.
첫째, 민가에 근대성을 도입한 주체는 역시 경제적으로 여유가 있었던 지역의 유지였다. 그들은 거주지 주변에 많은 토지를 보유했던 대지주가 많았고 기타 염전을 경영하고 상업도 하였다.
둘째, 개개 건물의 규모가 커지고 특히 하의도 민가의 경우 ‘ㄱ’ 자형 안채, 그리고 2층 한옥의 등장은 매우 이례적인 건축형식으로 여겨진다.
셋째, 안채나 사랑채의 내부 공간구성에서 상당한 변화를 살펴볼 수 있다. 과거 전통민가에서는 전혀 볼 수 없었던 마래 측면(이곳에서는 마래 쪽을 건물의 머리라고 생각하고 위계상 제일 높다고 함)에 실들이 들어서고 마래와 안방 사이에도 마루방(대청)이 배치된다.
넷째, 집의 구조나 양식 등은 도시의 형식을 주로 채택했다.

영어초록

The Southwestern islands, which has been involved in the old fashioned custom, came to face with various modern cultures since the early 20th century. More specifically, a new type of architecture (plane, structure, material etc.) appeared in the folk houses in this area. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of the history of architecture and housing through a research on the modern folk houses in Southwestern islands of South Korea. No study has ever explored the modern folk houses in this area.
The 21 modern folk houses are directly involved in this study and they were built in the early and mid-1900’s. About 100 houses are also involved in a comparative study. The main results of this study are as follows: First, the subject of the introduction of modernity into the folk houses was expectably the local influentials from wealthy backgrounds. Most of them were the large landowners who held lots of land around their residence, operating their salt pans and businesses. They witnessed the modernization of the cities, especially Mokpo, and applied the new cultures and styles to buildings in their hometown.
Second, similar to the conventional folk houses, this new architecture consists of a main building (Anchae) and detached houses (Sarangchae). However, it is remarkable in that each building became bigger and that an L-shaped main building and a two-storied Hanok (Korean traditional house) appeared in the folk houses of Haido.
Third, a significant change was confirmed in the interior spatial composition of main and detached houses. Rooms began to be arranged at the side of the Marae which had not been observed in the old folk houses (Marae is considered a head of a building and a highest position of entire buildings in these regions). A wooden floor was located between the Marae and a main room.
Fourth, the building structures and styles adopted urban patterns. For example, they used a Japanese roofing tile as the roof materials because it is easier to handle and cheaper than a Korean one. They also placed a door with horizontally sliding window in front of the wooden porch (Toenmaru) to make better use of interior space. In addition, gentrification was facilitated by the fabrication of the stylobate and foundation stone.

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