팔대집(八代集)에 나타난 불교 사상과 ‘물(水)’의 이미지 (The Buddhist thought and image of water shown in Hachidaishu)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국외국어대학교 일본연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 일본연구 / 78호 / 137 ~ 156페이지
· 저자명 : 홍성연

초록

本稿は平安朝と鎌倉時代初期にかけて編纂された八代集で仏教思想が水とどのように関連して詠まれたか調べてみた。 仏教思想と関連して水の用例を調べた結果、悟りの象徴として水に映った月の影が最も多い用例を示しており、経典および教理と関連しては、法華経28品の中で提婆品の用例が多数を占めている。法華経歌は平安時代から鎌倉時代にかけて絶えず詠まれ、特に釈迦が前世に法を求めるために水汲みをして阿私仙にお供えしたことを説いた提婆品の用例が『千載和歌集』でさらに増えたことが分かる。その理由としては、『千載集』撰進の前後の政治的変動と社会的混乱を挙げることができる。悪人の自覚と法華経の提婆品で説かれた悪人成仏が和歌で救済の念願として表現されている。 なお、維摩經十喩の中で無常とはかないものの比喩として詠まれた水の泡も、多数の用例がある。水の泡は釈教歌の部立がある『千載集』と『新古今集』よりも、その前の歌集である『古今集』と『拾遺集』の「愛」と「哀傷」において、より多くの用例が示されている。 考察の結果、八代集で仏教思想と関連して代表される水のイメージは悟りを象徴する月影が映る水、法を求めるための水汲み、俗世を象徴する池の水と心を映す池の水、悟りを求める井戸、はかない人生の無常を象徴する水の泡に分類することができる。

영어초록

This research examines how the Buddhist thought related to water in ‘Hachidaishu’ compiled during the Heian and early Kamakura periods.
The moon reflecting in water, as a symbol of attaining Buddhahood, appeared most frequently in poems. With regard to the Buddhist scriptures and creeds, the vast majority of ‘Shakyoka’ are the pieces of the waka based on the Devadatta Chapter of the Lotus Sutra.
The Collection of Waka Poetry on the Twenty-eight Chapters of the Lotus Sutra has been recited consistently over the Heian and Kamakura eras. In particular, it is noticeable that the anecdote recorded in the Devadatta Chapter that the Shakyamuni making an offering of water to Asita to seek the Buddha’s teachings in his previous lifetime was increasingly more often cited in “Senzaishu”. This is due to the political change and social instability around the period when “Senzaishu” was compiled. The enlightenment of an evil man and evil man’s attainment of Buddhahood in Devadatta Chapter of the Lotus Sutra stand for the aspiration for salvation in various pieces of waka.
Another example found on various occasions is water bubbles representing the transitory nature and futility of things as one of the ten similes in the Vimalakirti Sutra. Bubbles appear more often in the preceding anthology of poetry, Love Poetry and Mourning Poetry of “Kokinshu” and “Shuisu”, rather than “Senzaishu” and “Shinkokinshu” with the Shakyoka Chapter.
All in all, the image of water with regard to the Buddhist thought can be classified as follows: the water on which the moon reflects symbolizing the attainment of Buddhahood; the act of drawing water referring to aspiration for the Buddha’s teachings; a pond representing either the secular world or illumination of the mind; a water well standing for the Buddhist practices for the attainment of Buddhahood; and water bubbles signifying the fleeting and transient life.

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