정약용 장기(長鬐) 유배기 〈고시(古詩) 27수〉에 대한 재검토 (Reexamination of Jeong Yak-yong’s 27 Works of Goshi(古詩) from his Jangki(長鬐) Exile Period)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 한국민족문화 / 81호 / 109 ~ 137페이지
· 저자명 : 김은미

초록

다산 정약용이 장기 유배기에 쓴 〈고시 27수〉를 사회시로 파악한 선행연구들의 시각이 사실상 직관적이고 선택적인 이해의 결과였다고 판단한 것이 연구의 출발점이었다.
연구 결과, 〈고시 27수〉가 지어진 장기 유배기 다산 시의 대부분은 자기 문제에 대한 향내적(向內的) 시선의 시였고, 사회시의 전제라 할 수 있는 세계에 대한 관심이 확인되는 향외적(向外的) 시선의 시는 매우 적었다. 비슷한 시기에 저술된 〈기성잡시 26수〉나 그 이후의 시 〈장기농가 10장〉에서도 다산이 지척에서 백성들의 삶을 경험하고 있음은 드러나지만, 그것이 현실 비판적 태도로까지 나아가지는 않았다.
유뱃길의 시에서도 다산은 유배객의 회한과 비통함을 적거나 여정을 따라가며 임진왜란의 상황을 비판적으로 짚어보고 있을 뿐, 백성들의 삶에 관심을 두지는 않았다.
〈고시〉에도 다산의 사회적 관심이 일부 드러나기는 한다. 그러나 〈고시〉의 창작 시기와 〈고시〉 전체의 맥락을 볼 때, 이때의 사회적 관심은 처음부터 사회 자체를 지향한 것이라기보다는 자기 문제를 확장해 나가는 과정의 일부라 할 수 있다. 〈고시〉는 자기 문제에 대한 고민으로 시작해 그것을 확장시켜 나간, 개인적 차원에 보다 가까운 시라고 보아야 할 것이다.

영어초록

‘What problems Dasan paid attention to’ was often inferred from ‘what problems he expressed.’ Through Dasan’s poems expressing the plight of greedy and tyrannical government officials and the people that resulted from them, Such is the case with the understanding that he was interested in social reality and people’s lives and shaped it into social poetry. In the process, sometimes, works that clearly show the characteristics of social poetry were intuitively understood as social poetry without examining the context. Previous studies on his “27 Works of Goshi” were also such cases.
His “27 Works of Goshi” are works from the Jangki exile period, when Dasan, who was involved in Shinyu‐Saok(辛酉邪獄), was sentenced to exile and spent 220 days. Dividing his works of 160 poems in 60 themes Dasan wrote in Jangki into works with an inward(向內的) gaze and works with an outward(向外的) gaze, most of the poems of this period are poems from an inward point of view on his own problems.
Considering Dasan’s poems from this period, it is hard to accept that Dasan clearly displayed a reality‐critical character in his poetry. Dasan’s critical reality perception is not confirmed even in poetry before the Jangki exile period.
Even when looking at the context of “Goshi” itself, “Goshi” was a poem on a personal level about his own problems. There are parts that show interest in the world as a public self, but at this time, the society that Dasan criticized was not a society where people’s lives coexist, but a society of coordinating bureaucrats and their world. It was reasonable to understand that the eighth work, which was also interpreted as social poetry, was coping with his own problems in the context of the entire sequential poems.
Putting these points together, the perspective of previous studies that grasp “Goshi” as social poetry should be revised. The Jangki exile period is a period when Dasan begins to recognize the real reality, breaking away from the previous ideological attitude as Dasan experiences people’s lives up close, but during this time Dasan was engrossed in his own problem of exile, which overwhelms his interest in the world. “Goshi” was also a poem written by Dasan, who also focused on his own problems.

참고자료

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