허저족 ‘최초 송혼샤먼’ 신화에 나타난 '射日’의 상징 의미 (The Symbolic Meaning of “Shooting the Sun” in “The Myth of the First Shamen” of the Hezhe Tribe)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 중국어문학연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 중국어문학논집 / 124호 / 267 ~ 298페이지
· 저자명 : 박수진

초록

The present study examines the myth of “the first shaman” in the “sun-shooting myth (射日神話)” of the Hezhe Tribe. Although the Hezhe Tribe’s myth follows a narrative structure and elements similar to those of the myth of “Yi shooting ten suns (羿射十日),” a literary myth of China, the Hezhe(Nanai) Tribe’s narrative expresses their own unique symbolism. Their narrative emphasizes the shamanistic reason; after shooting the sun, the protagonist is able to communicate with “Buni,” the world of death, and the narrative shows that an individual who masters communication becomes the shaman in charge of rituals and communicator of the universe. The Hezhe(Nanai) Tribe’s “first shaman” myth “The Story of the First Soul-guiding Shaman” does not emphasize the superhuman abilities of the protagonist that is manifested in the process of the narrative progression. Rather, it focuses on the results that appear after the “sun-shooting (射日).” Hezhe(Nanai) Tribe’s narrative tells a story that the road to the world of the dead opened up after the sun was shot down as a result, this world full of people who could not die became a world where people could die. The protagonist shoots down two of the three suns which reorganize the world. Therefore, in comparing the Hezhe Tribe’s myth and the Chinese myth, it can be seen that the cultural cognition and philosophy that are embedded in these two myths are fundamentally different. This study first examines the symbolic meaning of the “sun” in the Hezhe Tribe’s culture. The Hezhe Tribe acknowledges the sun as a universal force that oversees life, culture of Manchu-Tungus in Siberia. As such, the power of the sun is the power of the shaman, and it is the power and the ability to reorganize the universe. Secondly, “archery” has many symbolic meanings in the Hezhe culture, and it has a strong ceremonial significance. For the Hezhe Tribe, shooting has the meaning of fighting the evil spirits (辟邪) along with the symbolic meaning of ceremonial “hunting.” The bow and arrow are used as a tool to “hunt” the power of the sun. Thirdly, the protagonist becomes a soul-guiding shaman after gaining the power of the sun through “the act of shooting the sun with a bow.” The soul-guiding shaman plays the role of reorganizing and mediating the universe in the middle of life and death, at the center of the universe. This shows the deep connection between the soul-guiding shaman and the power of the sun. Through the event of a human, a universal existence, shooting the sun, the protagonist becomes a shaman, an existence that mediates the world and maintains the order between life and death at the center of the universe. Through these discussions, the present study reveals that the first shaman narrative of the Hezhe Tribe is a typical myth of shamanistic universal recreation that developed based on the shamanistic culture of the Manchu-Tungus region in Siberia.

영어초록

The present study examines the myth of “the first shaman” in the “sun-shooting myth (射日神話)” of the Hezhe Tribe. Although the Hezhe Tribe’s myth follows a narrative structure and elements similar to those of the myth of “Yi shooting ten suns (羿射十日),” a literary myth of China, the Hezhe(Nanai) Tribe’s narrative expresses their own unique symbolism. Their narrative emphasizes the shamanistic reason; after shooting the sun, the protagonist is able to communicate with “Buni,” the world of death, and the narrative shows that an individual who masters communication becomes the shaman in charge of rituals and communicator of the universe. The Hezhe(Nanai) Tribe’s “first shaman” myth “The Story of the First Soul-guiding Shaman” does not emphasize the superhuman abilities of the protagonist that is manifested in the process of the narrative progression. Rather, it focuses on the results that appear after the “sun-shooting (射日).” Hezhe(Nanai) Tribe’s narrative tells a story that the road to the world of the dead opened up after the sun was shot down as a result, this world full of people who could not die became a world where people could die. The protagonist shoots down two of the three suns which reorganize the world. Therefore, in comparing the Hezhe Tribe’s myth and the Chinese myth, it can be seen that the cultural cognition and philosophy that are embedded in these two myths are fundamentally different. This study first examines the symbolic meaning of the “sun” in the Hezhe Tribe’s culture. The Hezhe Tribe acknowledges the sun as a universal force that oversees life, culture of Manchu-Tungus in Siberia. As such, the power of the sun is the power of the shaman, and it is the power and the ability to reorganize the universe. Secondly, “archery” has many symbolic meanings in the Hezhe culture, and it has a strong ceremonial significance. For the Hezhe Tribe, shooting has the meaning of fighting the evil spirits (辟邪) along with the symbolic meaning of ceremonial “hunting.” The bow and arrow are used as a tool to “hunt” the power of the sun. Thirdly, the protagonist becomes a soul-guiding shaman after gaining the power of the sun through “the act of shooting the sun with a bow.” The soul-guiding shaman plays the role of reorganizing and mediating the universe in the middle of life and death, at the center of the universe. This shows the deep connection between the soul-guiding shaman and the power of the sun. Through the event of a human, a universal existence, shooting the sun, the protagonist becomes a shaman, an existence that mediates the world and maintains the order between life and death at the center of the universe. Through these discussions, the present study reveals that the first shaman narrative of the Hezhe Tribe is a typical myth of shamanistic universal recreation that developed based on the shamanistic culture of the Manchu-Tungus region in Siberia.

참고자료

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