Coded Gender-Based Violence in a Brave New World

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· 저자명 : 랑기타 드 실바 드 알위스

초록

This paper proposes that new research must shape anti-violence against women laws that include coded v iolence. Given the AI revolution, including large language models ( “LLMs” ), and generative artificial intelligence, AI continues to create power disparities and help facilitate gender-based violence as an evolving category of violence. The paper illustrates three aspects of coded violence against women: 1) The veil of anonymity provided by the digital realm facilitates violence; 2) The geographical distance facilitated by online platforms allows offenders to engage in abusive conduct from afar; and 3) The automation capabilities offered by technology amplify the scope and impact of abusive behavior. Although the direct physical act of sexual violence differs between online and offline worlds, there are similarities. Firstly, both acts share the structural causes that lie at the root of such conduct in the first place. Secondly, the defense that women and girls are free to exercise the option to leave an abusive online environment denies women’s and girls’ free exercise of rights to assembly and expression in the online public square. In the final analysis, although not all isolated acts of online violence meet a legal threshold, we need to see these acts as a part of a continuum of violence that call for new forms of discourse and a dynamic application of international women’s human rights norms into evolving categories of violence.
Naming has the power to shift legal and social norms. The paper derives its name from the work on “Coded Bias” by the MIT Media Lab. The phrase "Brave New World" references Aldous Huxley’s fictionalized vision of a dystopian society overrun by scientific advancements. Coded gender-based violence has many faces both figuratively and in real terms. FaceMash, the precursor to Facebook, was developed by Facebook creator Mark Zuckerberg in 2003, and was designed to compare women’s physical looks in elite American colleges. The paper calls for the application of human rights theory, critical gender theory and critical information theory to address coded gender-based violence. Critical Information Theory examines an asymmetry in power relations and unmasks the power inequalities behind structures. Critical information theory calls attention to not only the biased data but also asks whether the structures for using information have a chilling effect on certain groups of users. Coded gender-based violence— also known as technology-facilitated violence—has the effect of: 1) Blurring the lines between the real and the virtual worlds where online harassment and abuse targeted at women and minorities spill into the real world, thereby causing both physical and psychological violence; 2) Digital and internet technologies are embedded in ubiquitous ways that compromise women’s ability to seek freedom from violence and render abusers “omnipresent” and 3) Coded gender-based violence, by its very nature is both personal and structural.

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