Social Construction of Place Representation and Place Identity Process in Hyochang Park

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국전통조경학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국전통조경학회지 / 9권 / 165 ~ 177페이지
· 저자명 : 한소영, 김용국, 조경진

초록

In the process of experiencing modernization, Japanese occupation and national liberation during the short period, political inclinations of the power elite was represented in (re)creating urban parks. Depending on time strongly intervened, it directly or indirectly influenced the physical structures and non-physical contents of the parks. Such a situation did not stay in the process in itself, but it took an important role in the formation of collective memories for the general public about places being made through place representation. In addition, the place identity with such collective memories of the general public are socially constructed.
This study focused on Hyochang Park which has been endlessly changing according to evolution of the power elite with symbolism among the nation's urban parks in order to look into the process of social construction of place identity. The history of Hyochang Park can be divided into three stages. One is the period of Japanese occupation of the nation. The second is the period from liberation from Japan to the 1980s, in which the sanctifying process of the park began literally. The last period is from the 1980s to the present. We will look into how the place identity was formed in each era and what kinds of place identity coexisted together, and what reasons for that were examined.
Historically, the processes of Hyochang Park's transformation was related with the social landscape rather than ecological ones. It have closely been associated with urgent social issues. Regarding physical changes, the roles of the power elite were especially critical in making of the park. Before the nation was occupied by Japan, Hyochang Park was Hyochang Tomb. During the Japanese occupation, Japanese Empire built the park to dissolve the place symbol of the site and attempted to integrate the modern image with the existing site. After the nation was liberated from Japanese colonialism, patriotic martyrs were buried in this place to erase the traces of the Japanese occupation.
Since then, many statues and monuments were added to disintegrate the traces of the power while converting the park with images of Hyochang Park as a resting place. Hyochang Park was strongly affected by the power elite's political ideology. However, in recent times, it has been influenced by citizens' demands and social and cultural trends as larger factors of changing environment. The government attempted to present traditional images through the sanctifying process, but most of them couldn't be fully realized. It means that people's awareness and potential power in the civil society was increased to resist against the deep-rooted top-down park policy. This means that the original nature of the urban park has been sustained since Japanese occupation. However, people came to be active participants by intervening the meaning of the place rather than staying as passive spectators.

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