‘분산성’과 ‘집중성’의 균형 찾기 - 중화인민공화국 초기 北京의 建政과정 분석 - (Balancing between the ‘Centralization’ and ‘Decentralization’ of City Governance: Focusing on the administrative construction process of Beijing in the early PRC)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 중국근현대사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 중국근현대사연구 / 67호 / 157 ~ 192페이지
· 저자명 : 이원준

초록

Since the later half of the Chinese civil war period(1945-1949), the CCP had prepared for the establishment of a new country by developing new policies, and city takeover policy was one of them. Nevertheless, their plans for the establishment of urban administrative structure were quite vague and undetermined at the time of their Beijing takeover. Under this circumstance, the CCP had adopted a three-layered administrative structure(市-区-街), which they had been applying to in the rural base-areas, in most of the cities under their control. But as the experience of city takeover had accumulated, the problems of the three-layered administrative structure had emerged, and the CCP reformed the structure into a one-layered administrative structure(市) in June 1949, in the purpose of enhancing the central control of the city government. But again, this new system created unpredicted problems that weakened the central control of the city government, and the CCP had finally established a ‘two-layered government(市-区) plus subdistrict office(街道辦事處) and residents committee(居民委員會)’ model at Beijing in June 1953. Although this system could not have been perfect, it could be said that it was the most effective way that the CCP had found out after trials and errors for forcing centralized control in urban societies. Centralization of power and institutionalization of rule were the key policies that the CCP had adopted in preparing for the foundation of a new state, and the above mentioned trials and errors of city governance were one of the experiments that were made to fulfill that cause.

영어초록

Since the later half of the Chinese civil war period(1945-1949), the CCP had prepared for the establishment of a new country by developing new policies, and city takeover policy was one of them. Nevertheless, their plans for the establishment of urban administrative structure were quite vague and undetermined at the time of their Beijing takeover. Under this circumstance, the CCP had adopted a three-layered administrative structure(市-区-街), which they had been applying to in the rural base-areas, in most of the cities under their control. But as the experience of city takeover had accumulated, the problems of the three-layered administrative structure had emerged, and the CCP reformed the structure into a one-layered administrative structure(市) in June 1949, in the purpose of enhancing the central control of the city government. But again, this new system created unpredicted problems that weakened the central control of the city government, and the CCP had finally established a ‘two-layered government(市-区) plus subdistrict office(街道辦事處) and residents committee(居民委員會)’ model at Beijing in June 1953. Although this system could not have been perfect, it could be said that it was the most effective way that the CCP had found out after trials and errors for forcing centralized control in urban societies. Centralization of power and institutionalization of rule were the key policies that the CCP had adopted in preparing for the foundation of a new state, and the above mentioned trials and errors of city governance were one of the experiments that were made to fulfill that cause.

참고자료

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