일제시기 일본군의 방어체계와 부산의 요새 (JapaneseForces'DefenseSystem & FortressinBusan duringtheJapaneseColonialperiod)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 국방부군사편찬연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 군사 / 85호 / 127 ~ 162페이지
· 저자명 : 김윤미

초록

TherestillexistsomemilitaryremainsbuiltduringtheJapanesecolonial period in Busan,such as the Japanesemilitary postatGadeok-do,and Jangjadeung artillery unitatYongho-dong,etc.This is to look into the changes and processes offortress construction in Busan from the 1900s untilthe1940s.
It was at the beginning of the construction of their stronghold at Gadeok-do in preparation for the 1904 Russo-Japanese War thatJapan perceivedBusanastheirpropermilitaryfoothold.Sincethen,Japansetup theJinhaeBayareaincludingGadeok-doandGeoje-doin December,1907.
Jinhae Bay was incorporated into the Japanese navy zone while the Japanese army planned the fortress construction by binding Jinhae-Tusushima-Sasebo together through the setup of ‘Joseon Straits System.’It was after World War One and the Washington Conference on DisarmamentthatBusan was completely included as a fortified zone.In 1922,construction of‘Joseon StraitsFortified System'wasplanned asthe oneforthesea,landandairdefense.
In 1924,Jinhae fortress was setup with Jinhae Bay as Zone 1 and Busan asZone2.Such a seriesofstrategieswereaimed atpreparing a defenseshieldwhichwouldmakeimpossibletheaccessoftheenemyfleet.
However, Japan made arrangements for the defense against the command of the sea in some degree, whereas preparations for the commandoftheairwasslight.
They commented on the importance ofthe antiaircraftdefense in th 1920s,butitwasn'tuntilthelate1930sthattheairdefensestrategywas putintoamilitaryoperation.
Immediately after the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, the Japanese governmentissued an orderof‘CombatReadinessfortheAirDefense'to the fortress ofJinhae Bay,and expanded Jinhae Bay in October.They organizedanew artilleryunitatGijang,Young-do,andGeoje-doincluding theJangjadeugartilleryunit.In 1940,whileputtingthemostemphasison the airdefense,they planned to establish ‘Busan Fortified Headquarters',andswitcheditsnameto‘BusanFortifiedHeadquarters'afterrelocatingthe Jinhae Fortified Headquarters to Busan. However, such air defense installationsfailedtodefendthemselvesagainsttheUSB-29airraidwhich kickedintohighgearin1944.
TheJapaneseforcesswitched tostraitsblockadeforcontrolofthesea from securingsearoutesofvesselswhileswitchingtocontroloftheairfor thedefenseagainstabomber,oran air-defense-centered system from the defense againsta submarine.As Busan was gradually expanded in its scope ofa military zone,artillery units had to be deployed atthe key areasinBusan.

영어초록

TherestillexistsomemilitaryremainsbuiltduringtheJapanesecolonial period in Busan,such as the Japanesemilitary postatGadeok-do,and Jangjadeung artillery unitatYongho-dong,etc.This is to look into the changes and processes offortress construction in Busan from the 1900s untilthe1940s.
It was at the beginning of the construction of their stronghold at Gadeok-do in preparation for the 1904 Russo-Japanese War thatJapan perceivedBusanastheirpropermilitaryfoothold.Sincethen,Japansetup theJinhaeBayareaincludingGadeok-doandGeoje-doin December,1907.
Jinhae Bay was incorporated into the Japanese navy zone while the Japanese army planned the fortress construction by binding Jinhae-Tusushima-Sasebo together through the setup of ‘Joseon Straits System.’It was after World War One and the Washington Conference on DisarmamentthatBusan was completely included as a fortified zone.In 1922,construction of‘Joseon StraitsFortified System'wasplanned asthe oneforthesea,landandairdefense.
In 1924,Jinhae fortress was setup with Jinhae Bay as Zone 1 and Busan asZone2.Such a seriesofstrategieswereaimed atpreparing a defenseshieldwhichwouldmakeimpossibletheaccessoftheenemyfleet.
However, Japan made arrangements for the defense against the command of the sea in some degree, whereas preparations for the commandoftheairwasslight.
They commented on the importance ofthe antiaircraftdefense in th 1920s,butitwasn'tuntilthelate1930sthattheairdefensestrategywas putintoamilitaryoperation.
Immediately after the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, the Japanese governmentissued an orderof‘CombatReadinessfortheAirDefense'to the fortress ofJinhae Bay,and expanded Jinhae Bay in October.They organizedanew artilleryunitatGijang,Young-do,andGeoje-doincluding theJangjadeugartilleryunit.In 1940,whileputtingthemostemphasison the airdefense,they planned to establish ‘Busan Fortified Headquarters',andswitcheditsnameto‘BusanFortifiedHeadquarters'afterrelocatingthe Jinhae Fortified Headquarters to Busan. However, such air defense installationsfailedtodefendthemselvesagainsttheUSB-29airraidwhich kickedintohighgearin1944.
TheJapaneseforcesswitched tostraitsblockadeforcontrolofthesea from securingsearoutesofvesselswhileswitchingtocontroloftheairfor thedefenseagainstabomber,oran air-defense-centered system from the defense againsta submarine.As Busan was gradually expanded in its scope ofa military zone,artillery units had to be deployed atthe key areasinBusan.

참고자료

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