한국정보기구 비민주적 법제 개혁 경로 (A Study on the Undemocratic Law and Institution Reform Path of the Korean Intelligence Agencies)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국국가정보학회
· 수록지 정보 : 국가정보연구 / 17권 / 2호 / 41 ~ 83페이지
· 저자명 : 정주진

초록

1987년 민주화를 계기로 한국정보기구의 비민주적 법제 청산 작업이 30여년 이상 지속됐다. 개혁의 진폭은 민주화 세력이 대통령을 배출하고 국회 다수석을 점유했을 때 더욱 컸다. 보다 구체적으로 살펴보면 첫째, 정보구조적 측면에서 안기부 정보조정협의회와 보안감사제도가 폐지됐다. 보안사가 주도한 신군부 집권과정도 군사반란과 내란으로 종결됐다. 통신비밀보호법이 제정되어 정보수사기관의 감청활동도 법적 통제를 받기 시작했다. 특히, 문재인 정부는 국정원 국내보안정보 기능과 수사권을 폐지함으로써 30여 년간의 국정원 개혁논쟁에 종지부를 찍었다. 둘째, 국회를 통한 정보기구 통제가 강화됐다. 국회에 정보위원회를 설치하여 국정원 뿐 아니라 국정원의 기획ㆍ조정을 받는 정부부처의 예산까지도 세부 심사자료를 국회에 제출하도록 강제했다. 국정원이 다른 부처에 계상해 온 예산도 국회심의를 받아야 하는 법규도 신설됐다. 국정감사제도가 부활하면서 국정원도 국정감사 대상에 포함되고 국정원장도 국회 인사청문을 거친 후 대통령이 임명하는 방향으로 국회법이 개정됐다. 셋째, 비민주적 정보활동 유습들이 청산됐다. 노동부 주관 관계기관 대책회의가 중지됐다. 안기부, 보안사, 경찰이 운영하던 비밀시설들도 폐쇄됐다. 불법감청을 비밀리 계속한 국정원 책임자들은 사법조치됐다. 정보기관별로 과거사 진상규명 조직도 만들어 의혹사건의 진상도 규명했다. 이처럼 권위주의 시기 국가안보를 명분으로 장치된 한국정보기구의 비민주적 법제는 민주화 시기 국가안보적 법익과 국민기본권적 법익을 조화시키는 방향으로 개혁되어 왔다.

영어초록

Since the democratization of 1987, the effort of eliminating the undemocratic legal system of the Korean intelligence agencies has continued for over 30 years. The scope of reform was even greater when the democratic forces won the presidency and majority in the National Assembly. If we examine it more specifically, first, in terms of intelligence structure, Agency for National Security Planning's authority to convene a meeting of relevant national security agencies and the function of supervising the security situation of government were taken away. The new military regime that was completed by Security Command ended up in a military rebellion and subversion. Illegal wiretapping by intelligence and investigation agencies also began to be subject to legal control. The National Intelligence Service's domestic intelligence function and investigation rights were also abolished during the Moon Jae-in administration after 30 years of debate. Second, control of intelligence agencies through the National Assembly has been strengthened. Intelligence Committee was established in the National Assembly. All intelligence agencies were required to submit detailed information to the Intelligence Committee for budget review. The National Intelligence Service is also included in the parliamentary inspection of the administration and confirmation hearing system. Third, the legacy of undemocratic intelligence activities has disappeared. The Ministry of Labor has suspended meetings of relevant secret facilities of intelligence agencies and illegal wiretapping were also closed. The truth was revealed by reinvestigating past suspicions raised by intelligence agencies.
In this way, the undemocratic legal system of the Korean intelligence agency, which was established under the pretext of national security during the authoritarian period, has been reformed in the direction of harmonizing the Rechtsgut of national security and the Rechtsgut of the people's basic human right during the democratization period.Since the democratization of 1987, the effort of eliminating the undemocratic legal system of the Korean intelligence agencies has continued for over 30 years. The scope of reform was even greater when the democratic forces won the presidency and majority in the National Assembly. If we examine it more specifically, first, in terms of intelligence structure, Agency for National Security Planning's authority to convene a meeting of relevant national security agencies and the function of supervising the security situation of government were taken away. The new military regime that was completed by Security Command ended up in a military rebellion and subversion. Illegal wiretapping by intelligence and investigation agencies also began to be subject to legal control. The National Intelligence Service's domestic intelligence function and investigation rights were also abolished during the Moon Jae-in administration after 30 years of debate. Second, control of intelligence agencies through the National Assembly has been strengthened. Intelligence Committee was established in the National Assembly. All intelligence agencies were required to submit detailed information to the Intelligence Committee for budget review. The National Intelligence Service is also included in the parliamentary inspection of the administration and confirmation hearing system. Third, the legacy of undemocratic intelligence activities has disappeared. The Ministry of Labor has suspended meetings of relevant secret facilities of intelligence agencies and illegal wiretapping were also closed. The truth was revealed by reinvestigating past suspicions raised by intelligence agencies.
In this way, the undemocratic legal system of the Korean intelligence agency, which was established under the pretext of national security during the authoritarian period, has been reformed in the direction of harmonizing the Rechtsgut of national security and the Rechtsgut of the people's basic human right during the democratization period.

참고자료

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