상대일본어의 エ열의 구분표기의 음운적 성격에 대하여 (Phonological Properties on Distinct Uses of e-retsu in Ancient Japanese)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국일본언어문화학회
· 수록지 정보 : 일본언어문화 / 45호 / 123 ~ 135페이지
· 저자명 : 고수만

초록

いわゆる上代特殊仮名遣いにおける、エ列の使い分けについて、日本の国語学界ではそれを母音の差異によるものと観てきた。ところが、最近は、それを子音の差異の因るものと観る説が有力にされているようである。 エ列の使い分けを子音の差異の因るものと観る立場では、その差異とは、口蓋化した子音と非口蓋化の子音との差異と捉えている。この説に従うと、何故エ列の使い分けがカ･ガ･ハ･バ･マ行においてのみなされたのかについての説明ができる。 しかしながら、音声学的に、中間の母音である eの前で口蓋化が起こりうるかは疑問である。また、その説では、上代日本語の四段動詞の活用形の違いなど、様々な日本語内部における音韻現象についての説明が難しい。 万葉仮名として使われた漢字の中古漢語の音などから考え、エ列の使い分けに口蓋化と非口蓋化の対立が働いていたのは確かなようである。しかし、それは、口蓋化子音と非口蓋的子音との対立ではないと思う。エ列音の生成、そして四段活用動詞の命令形と已然形の区別など日本語内部のの音韻現象から考え、エ列の使い分けは、子音の差異の因るものではなく、子音を口蓋化させる母音と口蓋化させない母音との対立に因るものと観るべきだと思う。

영어초록

Regarding a distinct uses of e-retsu in Ancient Japanese, the Japanese academia have considered that it was due to the differences of vowels. In recent society of Japanese language however, it seems that it is more prevalent to see it as a consequence of consonant difference.
People who support the recent viewpoint assert that it is the difference between palatalized consonants and non-palatalized consonants. The advantage of this perspective is that it allows us to provide a phonetic and phonological explanations on why the proper use of e-retsu was performed only with ‘ka, ’ga’, ‘pa’, ‘ba’, ‘ma’ gyo.
But phonetically, it is not clear if the palatalization of consonant happens before the middle vowel e. Furthermore, with this viewpoint, it is difficult to explain some phonological phenomena of Japanese language, such as conjugation of yodan verb in ancient Japanese or onbin.
From many respects, for example the sound of Chinese character used as manyogana, it is likely that there was a opposition between palatalization and non- palatalization in the proper use of e-retsu. However, according to the phonological phenomenon such as a generation of e-retsu’s sound or a division of izenkei and meireikei of yodan verb, it seems more reasonable to see the proper use of e-retsu as an opposition between palatalizing vowels and non-palatalizing vowels, rather than the consonant differnce.

참고자료

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