오키나와 복귀운동의 역사적 동학: 동화주의의 형성과 전환, 비판을 중심으로 (Historical Dynamism of Okinawan Return Movement : Focusing on the Formation and Transformation of Assimilation-Oriented Return Movement and its Critics)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한림대학교 일본학연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 한림일본학 (구 한림일본학연구) / 23호 / 139 ~ 178페이지
· 저자명 : 정영신

초록

沖縄の現代史にとって 「沖縄返還とは何だったのか“」という質問は回避できない質問である。沖縄返還をめぐる沖縄の民衆の対応として、祖国復帰運動の歴史的なダイナミズムは、同化主義の形成と変換、批判を中心に理解して見ることができる。沖縄戦の経験から脱日本の傾向に傾けた沖縄は、対日講和条約締結頃には日本への復帰指向に傾いた。ここには平和憲法下の民主主義国家日本への期待と戦前の同化主義に起因する日流同祖論が大きな影響を及ぼした。しかし、ベトナム戦争の勃発と沖縄返還交渉が進行される過程のなかで現実の基地問題を中心とした 「反戦復帰運動」への転換が明らかになった。さらに、復帰運動を支配してきた同化主義的志向への批判として 「反復帰論」と 「沖縄処分論」という歴史認識が登場した。このような流れは、長期間の歴史の中で蓄積されてきた構造的差別の認識の中で、より自立的な沖縄を目指ししようという動きとして理解することができる。

영어초록

It is a question that can not be avoided “What was the return of Okinawa” for the modern history of Okinawa. Historical dynamism of Okinawan return movement, a response of the Okinawan people over the reversion of Okinawa can be understood by the frame of the formation and transformation of assimilationist movement and its critics. Political and social movement of Okinawa which was tilted to the trend of de-Japan from the experience of the Battle of Okinawa leaned toward pro-Japanese return movement around the period of peace negotiation with Japan. The expectations of democracy Japan under the Peace Constitution and the cultural trend of assimilation from the pre-war period has had a major impact here. However, in the late 1960s, assimilation-oriented return movement was transformed to the anti-war return movement under the impact of the outbreak of the Vietnam war and the exposure of negotiation contents of Okinawa reversion. In addition, ‘the theory of anti-return’ and historical awareness of ‘Ryukyu/Okinawa disposal’ has emerged as a criticism of the assimilation-oriented mind and movement. This trend may be understood as a introspective movement about the structural discrimination that has been accumulated in the long-term history of Ryukyu/Okinawa and a departure of some movements trying to aim to more autonomous Okinawa.

참고자료

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