木簡에 보이는 古代國語 表記法 (Old Korean writing systems inscribed by the wooden tablets)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 구결학회
· 수록지 정보 : 구결연구 / 26호 / 167 ~ 193페이지
· 저자명 : 김영욱

초록

三國志 魏志東夷傳 東沃沮條의 內容 分析을 通하여 韓民族이 기원 1세기부터 漢文 文書를 作成할 줄 알았고 帳簿도 管理해왔음을 밝힌다. 그것의 방증자료로 漢四郡 時代의 文字資料인 평양시 낙랑구 정백동에서 출토된 木簡을 제시한다. 百濟 木簡과 新羅 木簡의 자료 분석을 통하여 釋讀 表記의 事例와 吏讀發達의 과정을 검토하고, 吏讀, 口訣, 鄕札의 混用 事例를 確認한 후 그것의 文字史的 意味를 밝힌다. 木簡資料로 본 吏讀의 發達史에 대해서는 ‘模倣(imitation)-選擇(selection)-變形(transformation)’의 3단계로 구분하여 설명한다

영어초록

“Hanja(漢字)” is one of the shortcuts to understand the essence of East Asian culture. It was introduce into Korea peninsular, approximately the 3th century,BC. There are many relics at that times inscribed Hanja, which exhumed in Korea peninsular. But Korean people used Hanja actively after the first century.
We can find the evidences in the book named Samgukji(三國志) and a wooden tablet exhumed in Pyeongyang(平壤), North Korea.
There existed Idu(吏讀) at the age of Three Kingdom(三國時代) to record Korean language before Hangeul creation. Idu was a kind of koreanized Hanja systems. It was developed from Hanja and Chinese classic, and which had to go through three steps before being completed: Imitation, Selection and Transformation.
Imitation step: Han(漢) empire occupied Northern part of Korean perninsular from 108 BC.~313 AD. At that time, Korean accepted Hanja passively for their survival.
Selection step: After retreating Chinese regimes in Korea peninsular,Goguryeo(高句麗) need Hanja to maintain the state administrative systems. So they selected the chracters and used it to communicate with its own people.
Transformation step: The result of vernacularization of Hanja, Idu came out from the 6th century. We can find the evidences in wooden tablets exhumed from Buyeo(扶餘), Gyeongju(慶州). Silla Idu was accomplished by 7th century.
The sentences inscribed in Silla wooden tablet No. 149 are surely not Chinese but Korean with koreanized Hanjas.
To understand Hanja culture, we must know how it transmitted from China to Korea and how it was transformed into another character systems in Korea.
Silla Idu was the result of transformation. The writing system was so long existed, more than a thousand years. Even though Hangeul was created, it still used under the background of East Asian Hanja culture.

참고자료

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