전환기의 朝鮮初期 家族法 (The Transformation of the early Chosun Dynasty's Family Law)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 홍익대학교 법학연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 홍익법학 / 13권 / 4호 / 475 ~ 498페이지
· 저자명 : 한복룡

초록

우리나라의 가족법은 조선의 유교입국 정책으로 큰 전환기(제1차 전환기)를 경험한 이래 최근에 이르러 서구화로 인한 사회의 급격한 변동으로 큰 변화(제2차 전환기)를 겪고 있다. 전자의 변화가 주로 중국의 유교적 종법제의 인위적 도입으로 인한 이념적, 사상적 변화였다면 현재의 변화는 사회변화에 따라 변화하지 않으면 아니되는 상황에서 이루어지는 복합적 개혁의 면이 강하다고 볼 수 있다. 양자는 비록 상이하지만 가족법의 대전환기를 경험하면서 우리 민족이 겪고 있는 변화의 고통을 어떻게 극복하느냐 하는 도전과 과제를 던져 주고 있는 점에서 비교고찰의 가치가 있으며 따라서 전환기 가족법 연구의 차원에서 조선 초기의 가족법을 재조명할 필요가 있다. 조선왕조는 새로운 시대적 전환기에 처하여 전통가족법제와 유교적 종법제의 절충과 조화를 위하여 많은 고민과 노력을 하면서 지혜롭게 조선의 현실에 맞는 가족법제를 형성하고자 많은 노력을 하였다. 특히 세종은 개혁의지와 더불어 현실을 조화하려는 노력이 돋보이는 왕이다. 급격한 산업화와 자유주의, 개인주의 사상의 발전과 더불어 발생한 이혼율의 급증과 같은 가족의 해체현상과 저출산, 고령화 등 인구통계학적으로 유례없는 사회변화에 처한 우리는 더욱더 현실을 냉정하게 분석하고 창의적으로 시대변화에 적응하는 지혜를 발휘해야 한다.

영어초록

In the beginning of the Chosun dynasty, there were big attempts to change the existing Family law system. The historical fact that the Korea Dynasty was buddist country, but the Chosun dynasty was confucious country is also a important element of change. This transformation, I would like to call the first transformation of Korean family law system in Korean history. It can be characterised to be, so called, the enforcement Confucius Chonfa system( 宗法制) by the reformest scholars and Chosun government. Above all these reforms, it can be explained the change from so called Namguiyeoga(男歸女家), of the newly-wed husband taking residence in his wife's family's residence to a new practice called Chinyeong-jae(親迎制). It was the first transformation of marriage system on the Korean history. But the attempts did not succeed in national range, but only in Royal Family. In the 16th century, by the urge of several Neo-Confucian scholars, a new marriage practice, so called Ban-Chinyeong(半親迎), was settled, in which the event of the newly-weds' official meeting with each other that had usually been arranged upon the third day after the marriage ceremony was arranged upon the very day of marriage.
And the Chinese principle that marriage between couples with the same surname should be prohibited(同姓不婚) also enacted only in Royal Family. but the attempts did not succeed in national range in the early Chosun period, After the seventeenth centuries of the Chosun dynasty the prinnciple was codified on the code〈續大典〉 and began to be enacted nationwide. Later the ban on same surname-same origin marriage(同姓同本不婚) enacted widely and codified on the code of late Chosun dynasty〈刑法大全〉.
On the other hand, One of the striking characteristics of the inheritance in the early Chosun period was that such impartial distribution of fortunes , one of the characteristics in the inheritance of the Chosun dynasty, is unique tradition developed from the Korea dynasty. Also it shows many differences when compared with the bequest systems of the neighboring countries, China and Japan. In traditional China the impartial distribution of fortunes was just for sons, but daughters merely received a paucity of dowry when they get married. As in the same context, it is hard to find such unbiased distribution cases similar to the Chosun dynasty in Japan. Nowadays the second transformation of Korean family law system is on the way. So studying the experience of the Chosun dynasty will be very important material to the lawyers and scholars of these days .

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